Analytical Chemistry, Second Edition covers the fundamental principles of analytical chemistry. This edition is organized into 30 chapters that present various analytical chemistry methods. This book begins with a core of six chapters discussing the concepts basic to all of analytical chemistry. The fundamentals, concepts, applications, calculations, instrumentation, and chemical reactions of five major areas of analytical chemistry, namely, neutralization, potentiometry, spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrolysis methods, are emphasized in separate chapters. Other chapters are devoted to a discussion of precipitation and complexes in analytical chemistry. Principles and applications and the relationship of these reactions to the other areas are stressed. The remaining chapters of this edition are devoted to the laboratory. A chapter discusses the basic laboratory operations, with an emphasis on safety. This topic is followed by a series of experiments designed to reinforce the concepts developed in the chapters. This book is designed for introductory courses in analytical chemistry, especially those shorter courses servicing chemistry majors and life and health science majors.

Inhalt

Preface
Chapter One
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
To the Student
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry in Allied Areas
The Analytical Chemist and the Analyst
Chapter Two
Development of an Analytical Method
The Analytical Problem
Choosing an Analytical Method
Types of Analytical Methods
Methods of Analysis
Literature in Analytical Chemistry
Chapter Three
Stoichiometry
Introduction
Units
Concentration
Calculations
Standards
Questions
Problems
Chapter Four
Statistical Treatment of Analytical Data
Introduction
Definitions
Elimination of Data
Propagation of Errors
Questions
Problems
Chapter Five
Preliminary Operations in Quantitative Analysis
Introduction
Sampling
Drying
Weighing
Dissolving
Questions
Chapter Six
Introduction to Chemical Reactions in Analytical Chemistry
Scope
Completeness of Reaction
Equilibrium Concept
Reaction Rates
Equilibrium Constant
Application of the Equilibrium Concept
Equilibrium Condition: Fundamental Definition
Summary
Questions
Chapter Seven
Precipitation Methods
Introduction
Gravimetry
Formation of a Precipitate
Properties of Precipitates
Coprecipitation
Types of Precipitating Reagents
Solubility
Solubility Product
Typical Gravimetric Examples
Homogeneous Precipitation
Calculations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Eight
Neutralization in Analytical Chemistry
Introduction
Acid-Base Theories
Acid and Base Strength
Leveling Effect
pH
pH Scale
pH of Acid and Base Solutions
Buffers
Neutralization as a Volumetric Method
Polyfunctional Acids and Bases
Titration of Salts
Differential Titration
Primary Standards
End-Point Detection
Summary of Acid-Base Titration Curves
Applications
Calculations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Nine
Nonaqueous Acid-Base Titrations
Scope
Solvents
Equilibria in a Nonaqueous Solvent
Choosing a Solvent
Titrants
End-Point Detection
Applications
Indirect Acid-Base Methods
Calculations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Ten
Oxidation-Reduction Equilibria
Definitions
Electrochemical Cells
Cell Calculations
Nernst Equation
Equilibrium Constant
Measurement of Potential
Reference-Indicator Electrodes
Biological Systems
Questions
Problems
Chapter Eleven
Oxidation-Reduction Titrations
Introduction
Titration Curve
Differential Titrations
End-Point Detection
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twelve
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents as Titrants in Analytical Chemistry
Introduction
Oxidizing Titrants
Reducing Titrants
Adjustment of Oxidation State
Calculations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Thirteen
Ion-Selective Electrodes
Introduction
Electrodes for Hydronium Ion
Non-Half-Cell Ion-Selective Electrodes
Glass Membrane Electrode
Solid State and Precipitate Electrodes
Liquid-Liquid Electrode
Gas- and Enzyme-Sensing Electrodes
Calibration
Applications
Measurements with a pH Meter
Questions
Problems
Chapter Fourteen
Precipitation Titrations
Introduction
Titration Requirements
Titration Curve
Calculations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Fifteen
Complexes in Analytical Chemistry: Complexometric Titrations
Introduction
Classification of Ligands
Stability
Kinetics
Advantages and Practical Aspects of Coordination Compounds
Complexometric Titrations
Titrants
End-Point Detection
Applications
Questions
Problems
Chapter Sixteen
Introduction to Multiple Equilibrium Systems
Introduction
Effect of Experimental Variables in EDTA Titrations
Calculation of a Titration Curve
Other Examples
Questions
Problems
Chapter Seventeen
Fundamental Principles of Optical Spectroscopy
Introduction
Beer's Law: Law of Photometry
Instrumentation
Questions
Problems
Chapter Eighteen
Qualitative Analysis: Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared
Introduction
Electronic Spectra: Organic Compounds
Inorganic Spectra
Vibrational Spectra-Qualitative Identification
Questions
Problems
Chapter Nineteen
Quantitative Analysis in Absorption Spectroscopy
Introduction
Quantitative Analysis: Ultraviolet-Visible
Analysis of Organic Compounds
Inorganic Analysis
Multicomponent Analysis
Automation in Spectrophotometric Analysis
Quantitative Infrared
Photometric Titrations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twenty
Spectroscopy of Atoms
Introduction
Atomic Emission
Atomic Absorption
Atomic Fluorescence
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twenty-One
Luminescence
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Chemiluminescence
Light Scattering
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twenty-Two
Separations: Introduction to Chromatography
Scope
Classification of Separation Methods
Chromatography
General Concepts
Some Fundamental Concepts
Summary
Questions
Chapter Twenty-Three
Column Methods
Introduction
Columns
Adsorption or Partition
Adsorption
Partition
Bonded Phases
Detection of Column Effluent
Liquid Chromatography Apparatus
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Questions
Chapter Twenty-Four
Gas Chromatography
Introduction
The Chromatogram and Its Interpretation
Instrumentation
Factors Affecting Separation
Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Applications
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twenty-Five
Sheet Methods
Introduction
Paper Chromatography
Thin-Layer Chromatography
Experimental Techniques
Applications
Questions
Chapter Twenty-Six
Ion Exchange
Introduction
Properties of Ion Exchange
Basis for Separations
Questions
Chapter Twenty-Seven
Solvent Extraction
Introduction
Distribution Law
Types of Inorganic Extraction Systems
Extraction Techniques and Variables
Summary
Questions
Chapter Twenty-Eight
Introduction to Electrochemistry
Introduction
The Electrolytic Cell
Electron Transfer
Mass Transport
Faraday's Laws
Coulometry
Questions
Problems
Chapter Twenty-Nine
Polarography
Introduction
Instrumentation
The Polarographic Wave
Precautions in Polarography
Applications of Polarography
Amperometric Titrations
Questions
Problems
Chapter Thirty
Experimental Techniques
Introduction
Mass,…