To you the reader, the joy of discovery begins, for We continue in our goal of providing a text which us the job is done. In this edition, we have corrected is useful, not only to the clinician, but of equal interest past deficiencies, added new topics, expanded infor- to the investigator. The selection of content has been mation regarding the pediatric age group, provided directed at topics of current interest rather than those up to date (March 2003) references, while remaining of historic contribution. We have stressed the cont- true to our concept of a multi-national author book. bution of cell biology and pathophysiology, were it We continue to believe that scientific information is an exists, believing it provides both a better understa- international commodity whose interpretation and ap- ing of toxic injury when known, and a rational dir- plication are strongly influenced by both the cultural tion for therapy and prevention. and ethnic background of the observer. The oppor- nity to share in the rich diversity of the international We are encouraged by the accumulation of rec- scientific community remains a fundamental goal of nized risk factors, which allow pre-treatment strati- this endeavor. To participate as equals leads to mu- cation of our patients' relative risk and allow us to - tual respect and peer appreciation. The sharing of in- cus our preventative techniques on the individuals tellectual resources fostered by this effort should and most likely to gain the greatest benefit.

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Clinical relevance.- Renal handling of drugs and xenobiotics.- Pharmacovigilance.- Immunologically-mediated toxin-induced renal disease.- Cellular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity.- Animal models for the assessment of acute renal dysfunction and injury.- Renal cell culture models: Contribution to the understanding of nephrotoxic mechanisms.- Aminoglycosides and vancomycin.- Beta-lactam antibiotics.- Amphotericin B.- Sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, pyrimethamine, dapsone, quinolones.- Antiviral agents.- Analgesics and 5-aminosalicylic acid.- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.- Gold salts, D-penicillamine and allopurinol.- Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists.- Diuretics.- Anticancer drugs.- Anesthetic agents.- Illicit drug abuse.- Calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus.- Immunomodulators: interleukins, interferons, and the OKT3 monoclonal antibody.- Radiocontrast agents.- Lead nephropathy.- Cadmium-induced renal effects.- Mercury-induced renal effects.- Hydrocarbons, silicon-containing compounds and pesticides.- Lithium-induced renal effects.- Aristolochic acid nephropathy after Chinese herbal remedies.- Balkan endemic nephropathy.- Nephrotoxins in Africa.- Paraphenylene diamine hair dye poisoning.- Urinary biomarkers and nephrotoxicity.- Pharmacological aspects of nephrotoxicity.- Drug dosage in renal failure.