Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The latest developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles

Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in & charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensively updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered include battery modelling, charger design, and wireless charging. Substantial details have also been included on the architecture of hybrid excavators in the chapter related to special hybrid vehicles. Also included is a chapter providing an overview of hybrid vehicle technology, which offers a perspective on the current debate on sustainability and the environmental impact of hybrid and electric vehicle technology.

• Completely updated with new chapters

• Covers recent developments, breakthroughs, and technologies, including new drive topologies

• Explains HEV fundamentals and applications

• Offers a holistic perspective on vehicle electrification

Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition is a great resource for researchers and practitioners in the automotive industry, as well as for graduate students in automotive engineering.

Autorentext

Chris Mi, PhD, is the Professor and Chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Director of DTE Power Electronics Laboratory at San Diego State University. M. Abul Masrur, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Detroit Mercy, where he has been teaching courses on Advanced Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Vehicular Power Systems, Electric Drives, and Power Electronics.

Zusammenfassung
The latest developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles

Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in & charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensively updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered include battery modelling, charger design, and wireless charging. Substantial details have also been included on the architecture of hybrid excavators in the chapter related to special hybrid vehicles. Also included is a chapter providing an overview of hybrid vehicle technology, which offers a perspective on the current debate on sustainability and the environmental impact of hybrid and electric vehicle technology.

• Completely updated with new chapters
• Covers recent developments, breakthroughs, and technologies, including new drive topologies
• Explains HEV fundamentals and applications
• Offers a holistic perspective on vehicle electrification
  Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition is a great resource for researchers and practitioners in the automotive industry, as well as for graduate students in automotive engineering.

Inhalt

About the Authors xvii

Preface to the First Edition xxi

Preface to the Second Edition xxv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Sustainable Transportation 2

1.1.1 Population, Energy, and Transportation 3

1.1.2 Environment 4

1.1.3 Economic Growth 7

1.1.4 New Fuel Economy Requirement 7

1.2 A Brief History of HEVs 7

1.3 Why EVs Emerged and Failed in the 1990s, and What We Can Learn 10

1.4 Architectures of HEVs 11

1.4.1 Series HEVs 12

1.4.2 Parallel HEVs 13

1.4.3 SeriesParallel HEVs 14

1.4.4 Complex HEVs 15

1.4.5 Diesel Hybrids 15

1.4.6 Other Approaches to Vehicle Hybridization 16

1.4.7 Hybridization Ratio 16

1.5 Interdisciplinary Nature of HEVs 17

1.6 State of the Art of HEVs 17

1.6.1 Toyota Prius 21

1.6.2 The Honda Civic 21

1.6.3 The Ford Escape 21

1.6.4 The Two?]Mode Hybrid 21

1.7 Challenges and Key Technology of HEVs 24

1.8 The Invisible HandGovernment Support 25

1.9 Latest Development in EV and HEV, China's Surge in EV Sales 27

References 29

2 Concept of Hybridization of the Automobile 31

2.1 Vehicle Basics 31

2.1.1 Constituents of a Conventional Vehicle 31

2.1.2 Vehicle and Propulsion Load 31

2.1.3 Drive Cycles and Drive Terrain 34

2.2 Basics of the EV 36

2.2.1 Why EV? 36

2.2.2 Constituents of an EV 36

2.2.3 Vehicle and Propulsion Loads 38

2.3 Basics of the HEV 39

2.3.1 Why HEV? 39

2.3.2 Constituents of an HEV 40

2.4 Basics of Plug?]In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) 40

2.4.1 Why PHEV? 40

2.4.2 Constituents of a PHEV 41

2.4.3 Comparison of HEV and PHEV 42

2.5 Basics of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) 42

2.5.1 Why FCV? 42

2.5.2 Constituents of a FCV 43

2.5.3 Some Issues Related to Fuel Cells 43

Reference 43

3 HEV Fundamentals 45

3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 Vehicle Model 46

3.3 Vehicle Performance 49

3.4 EV Powertrain Component Sizing 52

3.5 Series Hybrid Vehicle 55

3.6 Parallel Hybrid Vehicle 60

3.6.1 Electrically Peaking Hybrid Concept 61

3.6.2 ICE Characteristics 66

3.6.3 Gradability Requirement 66

3.6.4 Selection of Gear Ratio from ICE to Wheel 67

3.7 Wheel Slip Dynamics 68

References 71

4 Advanced HEV Architectures and Dynamics of HEV Powertrain 73

4.1 Principle of Planetary Gears 73

4.2 Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid Powertrain 76

4.3 GM Two?]Mode Hybrid Transmission 80

4.3.1 Operating Principle of the Two?]Mode Powertrain 80

4.3.2 Mode 0: Vehicle Launch and Backup 81

4.3.3 Mode 1: Low Range 82

4.3.4 Mode 2: High Range 83

4.3.5 Mode 3: Regenerative Braking 84

4.3.6 Transition between Modes 0, 1, 2, and 3 84

4.4 Dual?]Clutch Hybrid Transmissions 87

4.4.1 Conventional DCT Technology 87

4.4.2 Gear Shift Schedule 87

4.4.3 DCT?]Based Hybrid Powertrain 88

4.4.4 Operation of DCT?]Based Hybrid Powertrain 90

4.4.4.1 Motor?]Alone Mode 90

4.4.4.2 Combined Mode 90

4.4.4.3 Engine?]Alone Mode 90

4.4.4.4 Regenerative Braking Mode 90

4.4.4.5 Power Split Mode 91

4.4.4.6 Standstill Charge Mode 91

4.4.4.7 Series Hybrid Mode 92

4.5 Hybrid Transmission Proposed by Zhang et al. 92

4.5.1 Motor?]Alone Mode 92

4.5.2 Combined Power Mode 93

4.5.3 Engine?]Alone Mode 94

4.5.4 Electric CVT Mode 94

4.5.5 Energy Recovery Mode 94

4.5.6 Standstill Mode 94

4.6 Renault IVT Hybrid Transmission 95 4.7 Timken Two?]Mode Hybrid Transmission 96...