Canines

Detection canines have been utilized throughout the world for over a century, and while numerous attempts have been made to replicate the canine's ability to detect substances by mechanical means, none has been as successful. The olfactory system is a highly intricate and sophisticated design for chemical sensing, and the olfactory capacity of many animals, including canines, is considered unmatched by machine due to not only their great sensitivity and superior selectivity but also their trainability and mobility. These unique features have led to the use of such animals as "whole-animal" biosensors.

Amplifying the benefits and diminishing the limitations of detection canines' interdisciplinary research is crucial to understanding canine olfaction and detection and enhancing this powerful and complex detector. The past 50 years have produced vast advancements in animal behavior/training technology to develop canines into more proficient and reliable sensors, while scientific research has provided tremendous support to help practitioners better understand how to utilize this powerful sensor. This book assembles a diverse group of authors with expertise in a variety of fields relating to detection canines and the chemical sensing industry, including both research and operational perspectives on detection canines. It illustrates how science enhances our understanding of how canines are employed for solving some of the world's leading detection challenges.

Autorentext

Lauryn E. DeGreeff earned her PhD in forensic chemistry from Florida International University (FIU), USA, where she is presently a professor in the Chemistry Department and the International Forensic Science Research Institute. Prior to returning to FIU, she conducted her research as part of the Chemistry Division at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC. Dr. DeGreeff takes a chemistry-based approach to studying olfaction for the purpose of informing field vapor sampling practices. Her research focuses on trace vapor sampling, characterization, and generation in support of canine and other field detection approaches. Dr. DeGreeff regularly lectures on the dynamics of odor for the operational community.

Craig A. Schultz has 30 years of experience in animal behavior with organizations such as Disney's Animal Kingdom, Palm Beach Zoo, Jacksonville Zoo, the United States Department of Agriculture's National Detector Dog Training Center, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He has been a guest lecturer at several universities in addition to presenting at exotic animal, veterinary behavior, and working dog national conferences. He has also served as an active member of the Scientific Working Group on Dog and Orthogonal Detector Guidelines (SWGDOG) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology's Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC) Dogs and Sensors Subcommittee.

Inhalt

Section 1. A Dog's World: Chemical Sensing through Olfaction

Introduction * Lauryn E. DeGreeff

• Comparing the Olfactory Capabilities of Dogs with Machines Designed to Detect Odors * Kenneth G. Furton and David Winialski

Sensitivity and Selectivity in Canine Detectors * Lauryn E. DeGreeff, Melissa Singletary, and Lucia Lazarowski

• Chemical Information in Olfactory and Sensor Array Systems * Kevin. J. Johnson and Adam C. Knapp

Insect Olfaction in Chemical Sensing * Debjit Saha

• Section 2. Understanding the Canine Biosensor: Fundamentals

Neurobiological and Behavioral Bases of Canine Olfactory Capabilities in Detection * Melissa Singletary and Lucia Lazarowski

• Understanding the Dynamics of Odor to Aid in Odor Detection * Lauryn E. DeGreeff and Michele Maughan

Towards the Development of a Human Scent Model * Brian Eckenrode, Paige Riley, Nirmeen Salah, Allyson Dailey, and Robin Couch

• How Science Supports and Law Influences Forensic Canine Utilization in the United States: Considerations for Human Scent Evidence (Trailing) and Human Remains Detection Canines * Craig A. Schultz, Jan J. Topoleski, Brian Eckenrode, Nirmeen Salah, Christopher Tipple, Wynn G. Warren, and Mark Rispoli

• Section 3. Fostering an Effective Sensor: Training and Evaluation

Training the Sensor: Impacts of Learning on Canine Detection and Performance * Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa, Mallory T. DeChant, and Nathan J. Hall

• Training Consideration for Operational Performance: Train the Handler, Train the Dog, Train the Team * Bradley Gillespie

When Does Handler Perception Become Canine Detection? How Applied Behavior Analysis and Ethology Can Improve Handler Interpretation of Canine Behavior * Ann Waterbury and Craig A. Schultz

• Considerations for Testing the Capability of Operational Detection Dogs * Fay Porritt , Nina Cracknell, Victoria Ratcliffe, Bethany Hutchings, Lorna Irish, Ella Birch, Hannah Robbins, Natasha D'Souza, Edward Croft, Emma Hobbs, and Nicola Sibbald

Considerations in Vapor Generation and Delivery for Canine Testing and Training * Matthew Mullen and Braden C. Giordano

• Section 4. The Canine Biosensor in Practice

Dogs as Detectors for Hidden Digital Storage Devices: A Pilot Study from the National Police of The Netherlands * Stèphan J. Petersen and Adee Schoon

• The Use of Dogs for the Detection of Human Remains * Lorna Irish and Natasha Dilkie

Canine Detection of Blood Evidence * LaTara Rust, Katie D. Nizio, and Shari L. Forbes

• Using Trained Dogs in Rape and Assault Cases * Adee Schoon, Annemieke van Dam, and Dick Staal

Role of Dogs in Detection of Human Diseases * Adee Schoon, Patrick Hilverink, Danielle de Jonge, and Rune Fjellanger

• Canine Detection Teams to Support Oil Spill Response Surveys * Edward H. Owens and Paul C. Bunker

Broader Perspectives: Case Studies of Detection Canines in the Field * Lauryn E. DeGreeff *