This volume provides methods on procedures for assessing the biosafety aspects of probiotics. Chapters are divided into five parts detailing in vitro biosafety assessment, biogenic amine production, D-lactic acid production, toxin production, production of various enzymes, determination of toxicity, mutagenicity, virulence genes, capsule formation, hemolytic activity, DNAse activity, bile salt deconjugation, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance gene transfer, mucin degradation, platelet aggregation, and in vivo biosafety assessment of probiotics including determination of infectivity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and evaluation of immunological parameters in animal models. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Biosafety Assessment of Probiotic Potential aims to be a foundation for future studies and to be a source of inspiration for new investigations in the field.

Inhalt

Part I: In vitro Biosafety Assessment of Probiotics

1. Determination of biogenic Amine Production

   Shilpika Pandey, Archana Chaudhari, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

2. Determination of Gelatinases,Glycosidases, and Enolase production

   Archana Chaudhari, Shilpika Pandey, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

3. Determination of ß-Glucuronidase Production

   Dixita Panchal, Vrutika Lad, Meonis Pithawala, and Natarajan Amaresan

4. Determination of Nitroreductase Production

   Dixita Panchal, Vrutika Lad, Meonis Pithawala, and Natarajan Amaresan

5. Determination of Azoreductase production

   Vrutika Lad, Dixita Panchal, Meonis Pithawala, and Natarajan Amaresan

6. Determination of Hemolytic activity

   Vrutika Lad, Dixita Panchal, Meonis Pithawala, Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi, and Natarajan Amaresan

7. Determination of DNAse Activity

   Archana Chaudhari, Ruma Raghuvanshi, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

8. Determination of Bile Salts Deconjugation

   Hemant Borase, Satish Patil2, Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi, and Ramar Krishnamurthy

9. Determination of D-lactic Acid Production

   Shilpika Pandey, Archana Chaudhari, Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

10. Determination of Antibiotic Resistance M. Veerapagu, K.R. Jeya, Ashraf Khalifa, and A. Sankaranarayanan

11. Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer

    K.R. Jeya, Ashraf Khalifa, M. Veerapagu, and A. Sankaranarayanan

12. Determination of Toxin Production

    Urjita V. Sheth

13. Detection of Toxin Genes by PCR Based Methods Urjita V. Sheth

14. Determination of Presence of Plasmids and Virulence and Structural Genes

    Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek and Maria João Fraqueza

15. Determination of Toxicity through Cytotoxicity Assays

    Urjita V. Sheth

16. In vitro Evaluation of the Nitric Oxide Pathway

    Hemant Borase, Satish Patil, Dhruti Amin, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

17. Assessment of Capsule Formation

    Rushabh Shah, Natarajan Amaresan, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

18. Assessment of Platelet aggregation

    Karthick Raja Arulprakasam and Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai

19. Assessment of Fibrinogen and Fibronectin Binding Activity

    Suresh Singh Yadav and Pramod Kumar

20. Assessment of Probiotics Adhesion to Mammalian Cells

    Guhanraj Radhamanalan and Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai

21. Assessment of Mutagenicity

    K.R. Jeya, Ashraf Khalifa, M. Veerapagu, and A. Sankaranarayanan

22. Assessment of Induction and Destruction of Thrombi

    M. Veerapagu, K.R. Jeya, and A. Sankaranarayanan

23. Assessment of degradation of mucin

    Ruma Raghuvanshi, Archana Chaudhari, Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

    Part II: In vivo Biosafety Assessment of Probiotics

24. Evaluation of General Health Status of the Animals during the in-Life Phase

    Hafiz Arbab Sakandar, Qaiser Farid Khan, Zainab Tahir, Hamid Majeed, Nabaa Azhar, and Zaib un Nisa

    25. Assessment of Bacterial Translocation Through Blood Cultures

    Li Hui Ang, Premmala Rangasamy, Wallace Jeng Yang Chee, Shu Yih Chew, and Leslie Thian Lung Than

25. Determination of Splenic weight index and Weight-to-length ratio

    Firdosh Shah and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

26. Determination of Total liver glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations

    Firdosh Shah and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

27. Determination of Serum Lactate and Fecal Calprotectin for Assessing The Intestinal Inflammation

    Firdosh Shah and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

    Part III: Measuring infectivity in animal models

28. In vivo Evaluation of Adhesion properties of Probiotics

    Nabendu Debnath, Pooja Yadav, Ashish Tyagi, and Ashok Kumar Yadav

29. Determination of Streptomyces Probiotics oral administration in broiler chicken

    Latha Selvanathan, Thirumagal Thirugnanam, Vinothini Gopal and Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai

    31. Determination of infectivity of probiotics using animal models

    Shabari Girish and Lokesh Ravi

30. Determination of Infectivity of Probiotics using Immunosuppressed Hosts

    Sumana Chatterjee and Tamalika Chakraborty

    Part IV: Measuring Reproductive and Developmental toxicity in animal models

    33. Assessment of Reproductive toxicity

    Firdosh Shah and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

31. Assessment of Developmental toxicity in Zebrafish model Tamalika Chakraborty, Sumana Roy, Dipanjan Mandal, and Jeenatara Begum

    Part V: Measuring Immunological Parameters in animal models for Safety

32. Assessment of Inflammation in Animal Models (Macroscopic Or Histological Inflammation In The Ileum Or In The Colon)

    Sumana Roy, Tamalika Chakraborty, Prerona Saha, and Sriparna Kundu Sen

33. Assessment of inflammation in animal models (Quantification of TNFA, IFNG, IL4, and IL10 mRNAs by Real-time PCR)

    Sachin Kumar, Rashmi H.M., and Brijesh Kumar

    37. Assessment of inflammation in animal models (Quantification of TNF-a, IFN- , IL-4, & IL-10 proteins by ELISA)

    Siti Nor Hikmah Abdul Rasid, Angela Boahen, Shu Yih Chew, Shalini Vellasamy, and Leslie Thian Lung Than

34. Detection of Myeloperoxidase activity by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Pooja Yadav, Nabendu Debnath, Ashish Tyagi, and Ashok Kumar Yadav

35. Assessment of Bacterial Translocation Through Mesenteric Lymph Nodes [MLN] and Spleen Cultures

    Fida Fathima and Rekha P.D.