This volume explores the biologically active compounds found in 21 high-value medicinal and aromatic plant species native to Malaysia, emphasizing their phytochemical diversity and biological activities. Several of these plants, including Eurycoma longifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Morinda citrifolia, Centella asiatica, and Moringa pleifera, have been prioritized as high-priority herbal products under Malaysia's National Key Economic Area in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan. Their importance transcends traditional herbal medicine, as they are increasingly recognized for their potential contributions to the national economy and modern healthcare. The volume describes the pharmacological properties of these plants, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. It also encompasses aromatic plants like Clinacanthus nutans, Cananga odorata, Citrus hystrix, and Polygonum minus, focusing on their bioactive compounds and potential therapeutic and industrial uses.