This book draws upon empirical data to offer a fresh and unique perspective on hate crime victimisation. In challenging dominant theoretical and conceptual perspectives of hate crime, this book adopts the lens of 'visibility' as a way of understanding hate crime victimisation. In adopting this lens, key aspects of victimisation are explored, including the hierarchical nature of hate crime victimisation, that afford visibility to particular types of victimisation, and particular groups of people as 'legitimate' victims. In challenging these notions, this book highlights the pervasive, everyday nature of much hate crime and introduces the concept of 'micro-crimes' as a way to conceptualise the nature of victimisation that is often overshadowed by discussions around 'microaggressions' and more socially recognisable forms of 'hate crime'. Key ideas relating to space, place and identity performance are drawn upon throughout these analyses and discussions to provide a nuanced, overviewand conceptualisation of hate crime victimisation.

Autorentext
Ben Colliver is Lecturer in Criminology at Birmingham City University, UK. His research interests include hate crime, queer studies, gender and sexuality. He is a member of the British Society of Criminology Hate Crime Network and his most recent project focuses on 'everyday' and 'mundane' incidents of discrimination and hate crime targeting transgender and non-binary communities, with a specific interest in online interactions.

Inhalt
1.Chapter 1 Introduction1.1The Normalcy of Hate1.2Cisgender Researcher, Transphobic Hate Crime?1.3Structure of Book2.Chapter 2 Defining, Framing and Conceptualising Transphobic Hate Crime2.1Introduction2.2Complex Language, Definitional Issues2.3Responding to Hate Crime2.4Understanding Transphobic Hate Crime2.5Conclusion3.Chapter 3 Conceptualising 'Micro-Crimes'3.1 Introduction3.2 Hate Crime, Victimisation and the 'Everyday' 3.3 Normalisation of Online Micro-Crime Victimisation3.4 Conceptualising Micro-Crimes3.5 Conclusion4. Chapter 4 Deconstructing Hierarchies of Hate 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Social Hierarchy of Protected Characteristics 4.3 Social Hierarchy of Offence Types 4.4 Hierarchical Nature of the Victim-Perpetrator Relationship 4.5 Impact of Micro-Crime Victimisation and Hierarchies of Hate 4.6 Conclusion5. Chapter 5 Space, Place and Exclusion 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Sex-Segregated Spaces 5.3 Men, Masculinity and Romance 5.4 Trans Exclusion, 'Gay Culture', and Masculinity 5.5 Not Trans Enough Inclusion and Exclusion from 'Inclusive' Spaces 5.6 Conclusion6. Chapter 6 The Role of (In)Visibility in Hate Crime Victimisation 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Existing Conceptualisations of (In)Visibility 6.3 (In)Visibility and Hate Crime Victimisation 6.4 (In)Visibility, Intersectionality and Victimisation 6.5 Discursively Constructed Visibility 6.6 The Role of (In)Visibility in Online Victimisation 6.7 Conceptualising (In)Visibility 6.8 Conclusion7. Chapter 7 Concluding Thoughts 7.1 Academic Contributions 7.2 Policy and Practice Implications 7.3 Considerations for Future Research 7.4 Concluding Thoughts