This book focuses on corrosion and microbial corrosion, providing solutions for these problems by using nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. It introduces the causes, consequences, cost and control of corrosion processes. It gives a particular emphasis on microbial corrosion of steel and other metals in oil, gas and shipping industries. The book presents the materials vulnerable to such kind of corrosion, and focus on the use of nanotechnology to control such, using nanomaterials as corrosion inhibitors.

Autorentext

Dr. Basma Ahmed Ali Omran is a researcher in Microbiology,Petroleum Biotechnology Laboratory, Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt. Master and PhD of Dr. Omran mainly focused upon the problem of microbial corrosion and treatment with novel green natural extracts and biologically fabricated nanomaterials. Dr. Omran research interest is in nanobiotechnology, biocorrosion, green chemistry and valorization of agro-industrial wastes. Dr. Omran is a reviewer in two international journals. She has one published book chapter and five chapters in press, seven research papers and two articles in press. One book is going through the production process. Dr. Omran has participated in six international workshops and twelve international conferences. She was a member of a project for bioethanol production from agricultural wastes.

Dr. Mohamed Omar Abdel-Salam is a researcher in Materials Science and Environmental Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Abdelsalam is a member of the Nanotechnology Research Center in EPRI. Master and PhD of Dr. Abdel-Salam majorly focused on waste water treatment using different nanomaterials and functional nanocompoites. Dr. Abdel-Salam research interest is the synthesis of functional nanomaterials for diverse applications like energy storage and conversion, waste water treatment and pollutant separation using nanocomposite nanomaterials. Dr. Abdelsalam has five published research papers, one article and one book chapter in press.

Inhalt
Chapter 1 - Basic Corrosion Fundamentals, Aspects and Currently Applied Strategies in Corrosion Mitigation Abstract 1.1 Introduction

1.2 Corrosion: Problem Definition

1.3 Developments in Corrosion Science

1.4 Impact of Corrosion on Economy and Life

1.5 Forms of Corrosion

1.5.1 Sweet Corrosion or CO2 Corrosion 1.5.2 Sour Corrosion

1.5.3 Uniform or General Corrosion 1.5.4 Localized corrosion

1.5.5 Pitting corrosion 1.5.6 Crevice Corrosion

1.5.7 Galvanic Corrosion 1.5.8 Erosion Corrosion

1.5.9 Oxygen Corrosion 1.5.10 Selective Leaching or Dealloying

1.5.11 Microbial Corrosion 1.6 Engineering Materials

1.6.1 Carbon steel 1.6.2 Mild steel

1.6.3 Ferrous and Steel Alloys 1.6.4 Non-Ferrous Metals

1.6.4.1 Aluminum

1.6.4.2 Copper

1.6.4.3 Lead, Nickel and their Alloys

1.7 Corrosion tests 1.7.1 Metal sample preparation

1.7.2 Corrosion Test Medium

1.7.3 Gravimetric and Electrochemical Measurements

1.8 Corrosion Mitigation Strategies

1.8.1 Paints and Coatings

1.8.2 Corrosion Inhibitors

1.8.2.1 Mechanism of Action (a) Barrier Inhibitors

(b) Neutralizing Inhibitors (c) Scavenging Inhibitors

1.8.2.2 Forms of Corrosion Inhibitors (a) Surfactants as corrosion inhibitors

(b) Plant Biomaterials as Green Corrosion Inhibitors (Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors) (c) Amino Acids

1.8.3 Cathodic Protection 1.8.4 Use of Corrosion Resistant Alloys

1.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 - The Catastrophic Battle of Biofouling in Oil and Gas Facilities: Impacts, History, Involved Microorganisms, Biocides and Polymers Coatings to Combat Biofouling

Abstract 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Definition and Impacts of Biofouling

2.2.1 Medical Sector

2.2.2 Marine Sector

2.2.3 Industrial Sector

2.3 Microbial Biofouling

2.3.1 History of Research on Microbial Corrosion

2.3.2 Mechanism and Microorganisms Involved in Biotic/Aerobic Microbial Corrosion

2.3.2.1 Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB)

2.3.2.2 Manganese and Iron Oxidizing Bacteria (MOB and IOB)

2.3.2.3 Slime Forming Bacteria 2.3.2.4 Acid-Producing Bacteria (APB)

2.3.2.5 Fungi

2.3.2.6 Archaea

2.4.3 Mechanism and Microorganisms Involved in Abiotic/Anaerobic Microbial Corrosion

2.4.3.1 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB)

3.4.3.2 Nitrate Reducing Bacteria (NRB)

2.5 Macrobial Biofouling 2.6 Factors Affecting Biofouling Process

2.7 Metals Susceptible to Biofouling

2.7.1 Copper and its Alloys

2.7.2 Carbon Steel

2.7.3 Stainless Steel 2.7.4 Aluminium-based and Nickel-based Alloys

2.7.5 Titanium-based Alloys 2.8 Analytical Techniques and Tools Used for the Assessment of Microbial Corrosion

2.8.1 Microbiological Assays 2.8.2 Electrochemical Assays

2.8.3 Surface Analysis Assays

2.8.4 Molecular Microbiological Assays 2.8.5 O...