Recent developments in generative grammar have been very stimulating. The current theory defines a small set of principles that apply to all human languages. Efforts have been made to demonstrate the adequacy of this theory for a wide range of languages. We thus see an interesting interface of theory and empirical data: the study of natural languages contributes to defining the properties of Universal Grammar and the predictions of the theory help in uncovering generalizations regarding natural languages. This book aims to add to this exciting development by showing how the analysis of Mandarin Chinese constituent structures helps to define Case Theory and how interesting generalizations concerning Chinese grammar are uncovered through verification of the theoretical predictions. Starting from the inadequacy of work by Koopman, Li, and Travis on the effect of Case directionality on word order, the book shows that a detailed study of Chinese constituent structures allows us to reduce the phrase structure component to a minimal statement concerning the position of the head in a given phrase. It argues that in a given language the constituent structures can be adequately captured by the interaction of Case Theory, Theta Theory, Government Theory, and X Theory. Long­ standing controversies concerning Chinese basic word order are resolved by showing that underlying word order generalizations can differ from surface word order generalizations.

Inhalt

1: Universal Grammar and Word Order.- Notes.- 2: Dimensions of the Case Module.- 2.0. Introduction.- 2.1. Subject and Case.- 2.2. Case Assignees.- 2.2.1. Theoretical Issues.- 2.2.2. Nonsubcategorized NPs and the Case Filter.- 2.2.3. PPs and Clauses: Visibility.- 2.2.4. Thematic and Case Conflict.- 2.2.5. Summary.- 2.3. Conditions on Case Assignment.- Notes.- 3: Single Complementation.- 3.0. Introduction.- 3.1. Descriptive/Resultative Expressions.- 3.1.1. Properties of Descriptive/Resultative Expressions.- 3.1.1.1. Descriptive/Resultative Expressions as Predicates.- 3.1.1.2. Descriptive/Resultative Expressions as Complement.- 3.1.2. Descriptive Expressions.- 3.1.3. Resultative Expressions.- 3.2. Postverbal PPs.- 3.3. Summary.- Notes.- 4: Multiple Complementation.- 4.0. Introduction.- 4.1. Double Object Structures [V NP2 NP1].- 4.1.1. Types of Double Object Structures [VNP2 NP1] in Chinese.- 4.1.1.1. Goal Double Object Structures.- 4.1.1.2. Source Double Object Structures.- 4.1.2. Mechanism for Case Assignment in the Double Object Structure.- 4.1.2.1. Inherent Case Marking.- 4.1.2.2. Structural Case Marking.- 4.1.3. Inherent Case Marking for [V NP2 NP1] in Chinese.- 4.1.4. Structural Case Marking for [V NP2 NP1] in Chines.- 4.1.4.1. NP-Incorporation.- 4.1.4.2. Problems for NP-Incorporation.- 4.1.4.3. The Empty Category Principle.- 4.1.4.4. The Empty Category Principle for [V NP2 NP1] in Chinese.- 4.1.4.5. Source Double Object Structures.- 4.2. [VNP$$\bar S$$] Structures.- 4.3. [V NP1 gei NP2] and [V gei NP2 NP1].- 4.3.1. The Status of Gei.- 4.3.2. Word Order.- 4.3.3. A Problem: Subcategorization.- 4.4. Conclusion.- 4.5. Alternatives.- Notes.- 5: Lexical and Categorial Properties of Case.- 5.0. Introduction.- 5.1. Raising Structures.- 5.2. Exceptional Case Marking Structures.- 5.3. Existential/Presentative Sentences.- 5.3.1. Contrasts between English and Chinese.- 5.3.2. The Problem.- 5.3.3. Analysis.- 5.4. Weather Verbs.- 5.5. Expletive Empty Category.- 5.5.1. The Definiteness Effect.- 5.5.2. Case Assignment of Ergative Verbs.- 5.5.3. Implications.- 5.6. Conclusion.- Notes.- 6: Passive, BA, and Topic Constructions.- 6.0. Introduction.- 6.1. The BEI Construction.- 6.1.1. Syntactic Properties.- 6.1.2. Case and Theta-Role Assignment.- 6.1.3. The Passive Morpheme in Chinese.- 6.1.4. Case Assignment.- 6.1.5. Theta-Role Assignment.- 6.1.6. Obligatory NP-Movement.- 6.1.7. Summary.- 6.2. The BA Construction.- 6.2.1. Properties.- 6.2.2. The Status of Ba.- 6.2.3. Analysis.- 6.2.3.1. Movement Analysis.- 6.2.3.2. Nonmovement Analysis.- 6.2.3.3. Theta-Role Assignment.- 6.2.3.4. Subcategorization.- 6.2.4. Conclusion.- 6.3. Topic Structures.- 6.4. Conclusion.- Notes.- 7: Conclusion.- 7.1. Empirical Consequences.- 7.2. Theoretical Implications.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.