This book contains the lectures presented at the Summer Advanced Study Institute, 'Physics and Chemistry of Atmospheres' which was held at the University of Liege, Belgium, during the period July 29-August 9, 1974. One-hundred nineteen persons from eleven different countries attended the Institute. The authors and publisher have made a special effort for rapid publication of an up­ to-date status of the physics and chemistry ofthe atmospheres of Earth and the plan­ ets, which is an ever-changing area. Special thanks are due to the lecturers for their diligent preparation and excellent presentations. The individual lectures and the published papers were deliberately limited; the authors' cooperation in conforming to these specifications is greatly appreciated. The contents of the book are organized by subject area rather than in the order in which papers were presented during the Institute. Many thanks are due to Drs Alv Egeland, Donald M. Hunten, Gunther Lange-Hesse, Marcel Nicolet, Harold I. Schiff, Lance Thomas, Alister Vallance Jones, Richard Wayne, and Gilbert Weill who served as session chairmen during the Institute and contributed greatly to its success by skillfully directing the discussion period in a stimulating manner after each lecture. Many persons contributed to the success of the Institute. Drs Alv Egeland, Donald M. Hunten, Gunther Lange-Hesse, Marcel Nicolet, Harold I. Schiff, Erwin R. Schmerling, Lance Thomas, Alister Vallance Jones, Richard Wayne, and Gilbert Weill were especially helpful in preparing the technical program.

Inhalt

I. Institute Summary.- Session Chairmen's Summaries.- Neutral Chemistry in the Earth's Atmosphere.- II. Physical Processes.- Atmospheric Physics.- Vertical Transport in Atmospheres.- Some Energy Sources and Sinks in the Upper Atmosphere.- Winds and Electric Fields in the Upper Atmosphere.- Auroral Heating.- Chatanika Radar Measurements.- Coordinated Optical and Radar Measurements of Auroral Motions and Ionospheric Plasma Drift.- III. Structure and Composition of the Neutral And Ionized Atmosphere.- Early Aeronomy Results from the Satellite ESRO.- Incoherent Scatter Radar Results.- IV. Laboratory Measurements of Relevant Rate Coefficients.- Laboratory Measurement of Rate Coefficients: Introductory Review.- Ion Chemistry.- Oxygen Chemistry.- Hydrogen Chemistry: Perspective on Experiment and Theory.- V. Atmospheric and Ionospheric Models.- Neutral Atmosphere Modeling.- Models of the Ionosphere.- The D and E Regions.- The F Region.- VI. Optical Observations.- The Global Pattern of 6300 Å Atomic Oxygen Emission as Seen from the ISIS-2 Spacecraft.- OGO-6 Observations of 5577 Å.- Auroral Ultraviolet Emissions.- Observed Intensity Ratios of the N2 1 PG Bands in Aurora.- Processes and Emissions Associated with Electron Precipitation.- Rocketbome Observations of Atmospheric Infrared Emissions in the Auroral Region.- Summary Analysis of 4.3 ?m Data.- VII. Atmospheres of other Planets.- The Atmospheres of Mars and Venus - A Comparison.- Venus Cloud Models.- The Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere of Venus.- Outer Solar-System Aeronomy.- The Atmosphere and Ionosphere of Jupiter.- Spectroscopy of Jupiter and Saturn.- Sodium 'Airglow' from Io.- Io: Recent Observations.