Developing and Hosting Applications on the Cloud

A Complete, Practical Guide to Building and Hosting Cloud Services That Deliver Exceptional Business Value In this unique title, key developers of the IBM SmartCloud Enterprise share indispensable insights for developing and operating cloud-based solutions on any cloud platform. Drawing on their unsurpassed in-the-trenches experience, the authors help you develop the new mindset and skills needed to succeed in cloud environments, where development, business, and system operations are linked more tightly than ever. Using examples based on IBM SmartCloud Enterprise, the authors cover a wide variety of cloud "use cases," while also introducing general principles for automating and optimizing IT infrastructure in any cloud environment. They begin by presenting an authoritative, accessible review of cloud computing and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud concepts. Next, they demonstrate how to use cloud tools, develop basic cloud applications, and utilize standards to establish interoperability between clouds. Finally, drawing on deep personal experience, they offer best-practice solutions for all facets of cloud hosting, including security, monitoring, performance, availability, and business support. Throughout, they emphasize real-world problem solving, offering numerous code examples and practical demonstrations of real-world tools and utilities. Coverage includes

• Understanding each cloud deployment model: private, community, public, and hybrid
• Reviewing key cloud computing use cases, including those based on virtualization and collaboration
• Developing for the cloud with the LAMP stack, Windows, J2EE, WebSphere, and other technologies
• Building apps for the IBM SmartCloud Enterprise public infrastructure
• Using the command line toolkit, Java, and REST APIs to manage IBM SmartCloud Enterprise resources
• Exploring cloud computing standards and open source projects that promote interoperability among clouds
• Building cloud applications to customize images, deliver network services, install/manage software, and provide remote desktops
• Using IBM's powerful self-service and delegated administration models and best-of-breed VM images
• Leveraging open source projects for cloud service management and virtualization
• Understanding cloud service security: trusted certificates, identity/access management, SSH, HTTPS, IPSec, application hardening, and much more
• Monitoring and optimizing performance and availability through the entire system lifecycle
• Managing, scaling, and automating cloud applications to meet business needs This title will be valuable to every enterprise developer, architect, and IT manager seeking the full benefits of cloud-based services; all ISVs building value-add services on public clouds; and everyone building applications that rely heavily on IaaS, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), or Business as a Service (BaaS).

Autorentext

Alex Amies, IBM Senior Software Engineer, is an architect on the IBM SmartCloud Enterprise design team. Harm Sluiman, IBM Distinguished Engineer, is the technical lead for SmartCloud Enterprise. Qiang Guo Tong, IBM Advisory Software Engineer, is a lead developer for SmartCloud Enterprise. Guo Ning Liu, IBM Staff Software Engineer, has developed public APIs, provisioning services, and security for SmartCloud Enterprise.

Inhalt

Preface xiii

Introduction 1

Part I: Background Information

Chapter 1 Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Concepts 7

Workloads 8

Use Cases 10

Actors 10

Web Site Hosting 10

Short-Term Peak Workloads 11

Proof-of-Concept 12

Extra Capacity 14

Open Source/Enterprise Collaboration 15

Storage System for Security Videos 15

Business Scenario: IoT Data Hosting Provider 16

Virtualization 17

Infrastructure as a Service Clouds 22

Other Cloud Layers 24

Virtual Machine Instances 26

Virtual Machine Images 26

Storage 27

Block Storage 27

File-Based Storage 28

Network Virtualization 29

IP Addresses 30

Network Virtualization 30

Desktop Virtualization 32

Part II: Developing Cloud Applications

Chapter 2 Developing on the Cloud 35

Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP 35

Windows 40

Java 2 Enterprise Edition 40

Java SDK 41

WebSphere Application Server 41

Relational Database 47

Data Persistence 49

Messaging 54

Scheduled Events 58

Business Scenario: Developing the IoT Data Portal 59

Integration of Application Lifecycle Management Tools with Clouds 67

Rational Application Developer 69

Rational Team Concert 72

Build and Deployment Automation 75

Business Scenario: Application Lifecycle Management Tools 84

Chapter 3 Developing with IBM SmartCloud Enterprise APIs 85

Resource Model 86

Entity Lifecycles 87

Command Line 91

Environment Setup 91

Querying the Catalog 92

Provisioning an Instance 92

Provisioning Storage 96

Provisioning an Instance with Parameters 97

Managing IP Addresses 98

Saving Images 99

Java API 100

Environment Setup 100

Querying the Catalog 101

Working with Virtual Machine Instances 104

Locations and Capabilities 108

Working with Images 110

Uploading Files When Creating a New Instance 111

Minimizing REST Calls 112

Example: Developing a Maven Cloud Plug-In 114

REST API 122

Background 122

Using PHP to Invoke the IBM SmartCloud Enterprise REST APIs 125

Example: create instance Form 130

Example: Page to Show a List of Instances 139

Using Java to Invoke the IBM SmartCloud Enterprise REST APIs 144

Rational Asset Manager 146

Business Scenario: Using Elastic Cloud Services to Scale 152

Chapter 4 Standards 157

Data Exchange 157

Extensible Markup Language (XML) 157

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 160

REST 162

Background 163

HyperText Transfer Protocol 163

REST Architecture 164

Implementing and Consuming REST Services 165

Example: Uploading Files When Creating Instances with REST 169

JAX-RS 171

Virtualization 178

Open Virtualization Format 179

Cloud Computing 179

Cloud Computing Reference Architecture 180

Distributed Management Task Force Open Cloud Standards Incubator 180

Cloud Data Management Interface 181

Business Scenario: IoT Data Use of Standards 181

Chapter 5 Open Source Projects 183

Virtualization Projects 183

Kernel-Based Virtual Machine (KVM) 183

QEMU 185

libvirt 186

Xen 188

Cloud Projects 188

Eucalyptus 188

Apache Libcloud 189

Delta Cloud 190

OpenStack 190

Cloud Foundry 191

Hadoop 191

Setting up Hadoop 192

Business Scenario: Data Management 194

Chapter 6 Cloud Services and Applications 197

Creating and Customizing Images 197

Operating Systems Specifics 200

Modeling Deployment Topologies 200

Services 206

Linux Services 207

Windows Services 209

Networking 209

Basic Network Settings 209

Software Installation and Management 211

Red Hat Package Management and YUM 211

Software Management on SUSE 211

Cloud Software Bundles 212

Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) 213

Storage 223

Block Storage 224

File-Based Storage 226

File Systems 227

Network Storage Systems 230

Structured Storage 231

Managing Storage on IBM SmartCloud Enterprise 232

Remote Desktop Management 233

X Windows 233

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) 234

NX Remote Desktop 236

Composite Applications 237

Email 238

Setting up an SMTP Server 238

Software as a Service 239

Document-Management Systems 239

Email and Collaboration Suites 241

Business Scenario: The IoT Data Application 242

Part III: Exploring Hosting Cloud Applications

Chapter 7 Security 243

Background 243

Business Scenario: IoT Data Security Context 244

Public Key Infrastructures and Certificates 245

Example: Trusted Certificate Signing Authorities in WebSphere Appl…