This proceedings presents selected papers from the International Conference on Subsurface Technology (ICSsT 2024) held during September 10-11 at the Sabah International Convention Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. The book seeks to bring together a diverse collection of research developments in subsurface technology. It will cover topics such as subsurface imaging, energy transition focusing on rare earth elements and geothermal energy, subsurface storage including carbon storage, hydrogen storage, and hazardous waste management, integrating IOR/EOR methods with the current energy landscape, and field digitalization utilizing machine learning and data analytics. The content of the book will appeal to researchers and engineers working in the field of subsurface technology and its applications in the energy sector.

Autorentext

**Dr. Numair earned his B.S. in Petroleum and Gas Engineering (BUITEMS, Pakistan, 2008), M.S. in Petroleum Geosciences (University of Brunei Darussalam, 2011), and Ph.D. in Petroleum Geosciences (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS/UTP, Malaysia, 2016), specializing in reservoir sedimentology and outcrop modeling. As an Associate Professor at UTP's Department of Geosciences, he has 12+ years of experience in teaching, research, and industry consultancy. His expertise includes Rare Earth Elements (REE) exploration, reservoir characterization, geological mapping, sequence stratigraphy, and GIS. He has led multiple research grants and published extensively in petroleum geosciences. Dr. Berihun Mamo Negash, a Senior Lecturer in UTP's Petroleum Engineering Department, holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering (UTP, 2018), an M.Sc. in Petroleum Engineering (NTNU), and a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering (Bahir Dar University). He manages UTP's M.Sc. in Petroleum Engineering program and researches CO2 storage (CCUS), REE recovery, and machine learning for reservoir prediction. With 10+ years of teaching experience, he has held roles at Bahir Dar University and Mekelle University. His courses cover reservoir engineering, simulation, and well logging. He has led the Reservoir Engineering Cluster, advised SPE Student Chapters, and supervised M.Sc./Ph.D. candidates. Dr. Syahrir Ridha, Associate Professor at UTP, is Director of the Institute of Sustainable Energy & Resources, overseeing three subsurface research centers: CSI, COREOR, and SEACaRL. Previously, he managed UTP's M.Sc. in Drilling Engineering program. A Petroleum Engineering Ph.D. graduate from UTP, his research focuses on drilling technology, well cementing, drilling fluids, and REE. He has secured national/international grants, delivered professional short courses, and authored 75+ papers. He is a Chartered Petroleum Engineer (UK Engineering Council) and SPE member. Dr. Khairul Arifin Mohd Noh joined UTP's Geoscience Department in 2010, teaching geophysics courses like Seismic Methods and Rock Physics. His research explores exploration geophysics, borehole geophysics, and rock physics. He holds a B.Sc. (2005), M.Sc. (2007), and Ph.D. (2019) in Geophysics from Universiti Sains Malaysia. His M.Sc. thesis analyzed gravity/magnetic data for basement rock structures, and he has published on Bukit Bunuh's impact crater. Dr. Khaled A. Elraies, Associate Professor in UTP's Petroleum Engineering Department, is a core member of UTP's EOR Center, specializing in chemical EOR and CO2 foam flooding. Since 2011, he has led multiple EOR research grants, published 120+ journal/conference papers, and co-authored book chapters on Chemical EOR. An SPE member since 2006, he holds a Ph.D. in Petroleum Engineering (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) and an M.Sc. (UTP).