Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats

Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats
defines our present knowledge of this common clinical problem,
compiling information related to the canine and feline
intervertebral disc into a single resource. As a
comprehensive, focused work, the book is an authoritative reference
for understanding and treating disc disease, providing a sound
scientific and clinical basis for decision making.
Offering an objective synthesis of the current literature, the book
supplies guidance on the approach to a potential disc rupture,
surgical and medical strategies, and management of the patient.

Offering a complete understanding of intervertebral disc
disease, the book describes and discusses the controversies and
issues surrounding this topic, acknowledging the gaps in our
knowledge. Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs
and Cats presents up-to-date, reliable information on this
common condition for veterinary surgeons, neurologists, and general
practitioners.

Autorentext

James M. Fingeroth, DVM, DACVS, is Senior Staff Surgeon at the Orchard Park Veterinary Medical Center in Orchard Park, New York, USA.

William B. Thomas, DVM, DACVIM (Neurology) is Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

Zusammenfassung

Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats defines our present knowledge of this common clinical problem, compiling information related to the canine and feline intervertebral disc into a single resource. As a comprehensive, focused work, the book is an authoritative reference for understanding and treating disc disease, providing a sound scientific and clinical basis for decision making. Offering an objective synthesis of the current literature, the book supplies guidance on the approach to a potential disc rupture, surgical and medical strategies, and management of the patient.

Offering a complete understanding of intervertebral disc disease, the book describes and discusses the controversies and issues surrounding this topic, acknowledging the gaps in our knowledge. Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats presents up-to-date, reliable information on this common condition for veterinary surgeons, neurologists, and general practitioners.

Inhalt

Contributors viii

Foreword xi
Rick LeCouteur

Foreword xiv
Mark D. Markel, American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Section I Intervertebral Disc Structure and Function 1

1 Embryology, Innervation, Morphology, Structure, and Function of the Canine Intervertebral Disc 3
John F. Innes and James Melrose

2 Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc and Why Do Discs Displace? 8
Lucas A. Smolders and Franck Forterre

3 Comparisons between Biped (Human) and Quadruped (Canine/Feline) Intervertebral Disc Disease 14
Niklas Bergknut, Franck Forterre, Jonathan M. Levine, Steven D. Lasser, and James M. Fingeroth

Section II Disc Disease: Degenerative and other Pathology 23

4 Historical and Current Nomenclature Associated with Intervertebral Disc Pathology 25
Jonathan M. Levine and James M. Fingeroth

5 What Do We Know about the Incidence of Disc Disease in Chondrodystrophoid Dogs? 32
William B. Thomas, James M. Fingeroth, and Ragnvi Hagman

6 Feline Intervertebral Disc Disease 36
Michael Farrell and Noel Fitzpatrick

7 Is Wobbler Disease Related to Disc Disease? 50
Noel Fitzpatrick and James M. Fingeroth

8 Spondylosis Deformans 67
William B. Thomas and James M. Fingeroth

9 What is Fibrocartilaginous Embolism and Is It Related to IVDD? 75
Luisa De Risio

Section III Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Disease and Important Differentials 89

10 History, Neurologic Examination, and Neuroanatomic Localization for Spinal Cord and Nerve Root Disease 91
William B. Thomas and Luisa De Risio

11 Deep Pain: How Should We Test and Interpret Nociception? 107
James M. Fingeroth, William B. Thomas, and Luisa De Risio

12 Ascending/Descending Myelomalacia Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Herniation 115
James M. Fingeroth and Alexander de Lahunta

13 Traumatic Disc Extrusions 121
Luisa De Risio, William B. Thomas, and James M. Fingeroth

14 Discogenic Pain (Signs Associated With Disc Degeneration But Without Herniation): Does It Occur? 127
James M. Fingeroth and James Melrose

15 Compressive and Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Displacement: A Clinical Perspective 131
James M. Fingeroth, Franck Forterre, and Jonathan M. Levine

16 Advances in Imaging for Intervertebral Disc Disease 135
Patrick R. Gavin and Jonathan M. Levine

17 The Role of Nonimaging-Based Diagnostic Studies for Intervertebral Disc Herniation 147
Gwendolyn J. Levine

18 Recurrent Intervertebral Disc Herniation 151
Brigitte A. Brisson

19 When Should Dogs Be Referred for Imaging and Surgery? 156
James M. Fingeroth and William B. Thomas

20 Discospondylitis and Related Spinal Infections in the Dog and Cat 161
Sharon Kerwin

21 Neoplasias Mimicking Intervertebral Disc Herniation 168
Gwendolyn J. Levine

22 Client Communications When Confronted with a Patient with Suspected Intervertebral Disc Herniation 174
James M. Fingeroth and William B. Thomas

Section IV Nonsurgical and Adjunctive Medical Management of IVDD 179

23 Steroid Use in Intervertebral Disc Disease 181
Joseph M. Mankin and Franck Forterre

24 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Muscle Relaxants, Opioids, and Other Treatments for Primary and Adjunctive Medical Management of Intervertebral Disc Herniation 186
James M. Fingeroth, Franck Forterre, Núria Vizcaíno Revés, and William B. Thomas

25 Neuroprotective Treatments for Acute Spinal Cord Injury Associated with Intervertebral Disc Herniation 194
Jonathan M. Levine 26 The Use of Discograp...