The 1985 joint Cryogenic Engineering/International Cryogenic Materi­ als Conference was held on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. About 350 papers were presented at the joint conference on a wide variety of topics in cryogenic science and engineering. This volume of Advances in cryogenic Eogineerlng, the thirty-first in the series which began in 1954, contains most of the papers which were presented at the 1985 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. Each paper was rigorously peer reviewed to maintain the international reputation of Advances as the premier archival publication in the field of cryoscience, engineering, and technology. All the papers published in Volume 31 contain an abstract. A copy of the book will be sent to all maj or abstracting services, which should improve retrieval of the information contained in the published papers. I would like to thank the authors and those who served as reviewers. I especially appreciate the assistance of my colleague M. E. Stone who edited some of the papers for this volume. Terry Gutierrez was invaluable in preparing the manuscripts for publication, and I thank her. xvii DEDICATION Dr. Samuel C. Collins, Professor Emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, internationally known as the father of practical helium liquefiers and founder of the MIT Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, died on June 19, 1984, in George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC.

Inhalt

In Memoriam.- A Tribute to Samuel C. Collins: September 28, 1898 - JUNE 19, 1984.- Applications of Superconductivity - the Superconducting Supercollider.- Where is the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) Today?.- A 6.4 Tesla Dipole Magnet for the SSC.- 5-cm, No Iron SSC 6-m Dipole Test Program.- Quench Simulation of 3 Tesla SSC Dipole Magnets.- The SSC Cryogenic System.- The Cryostat for the SSC 6 T Magnet Option.- Design, Construction and Performance of a Post Type Cryogenic Support.- Thermal Shield Bowing in Long Superconducting Magnets.- Cryostat for the SSC Superferric Magnet Option.- Applications of Superconductivity - Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage.- Design and Cost of a Utility Scale Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Plant.- Two-Layer Solenoids for Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).- Liquid Helium Dump Concept for a Large Scale Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Plant.- Environmental Impact of Magnetic Fields Generated by a Large Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) System.- Applications of Superconductivity - Magnets for Fusion and Physics Research; Test Facilities.- Application of Internally Cooled Superconductors to Tokamak Fusion Reactors.- Mit 12 Tesla Coil Experimental Results.- Bipolar Sweep Test of a 3 MJ Pulsed Superconducting Magnet.- Test Results on Full-Scale Superconducting Dipole Models for UNK in Force-Circulating Cooling Mode.- A Prototype Superconducting Insertion Quadrupole Magnet for Tristan.- Testing of the Superconducting Solenoid for the Fermilab Collider Detector.- Test Results and Design Details of the Tohoku Bubble Chamber Magnet.- Superconducting Magnets for the Hybrid Magnets at Tohoku University.- Designing and Construction of A 11-T Superconducting Magnet System with A 30 mm Diameter 4.2-400 K Bore.- Applications of Superconductivity - Cryogenic Techniques.- Test Results of the Vapor-Cooled Leads for the IFSMTF.- Development of High-Current Vapor-Cooled Current Leads for Fusion Devices.- Design Chart of Optimum Current Leads.- An Experimental Mechanical Switch for 3 kA Driven by Superconducting Coils.- Construction and Testing of a Rotating Helium Coupling for a Superconducting Generator.- Applications of Superconductivity - Acoustic Emission: Phenomena and Applications.- Acoustic Emission Diagnostic and Monitoring Techniques for Superconducting Magnets.- Monitoring Large Superconducting Magnets Using Acoustic Emission Technology.- Acoustic Emission Measurement on Large Scale Coils at Jaeri.- Acoustic Emission Measurements for Locating High-Voltage Breakdowns in Large Superconducting Magnet Systems.- Application of Acoustic Emission Technique to a Multi-Filamentary 15.1 Tesla Superconducting Magnet System.- Acoustic Emission Instrumentation for a Superconducting Dipole.- Application of the Acoustic Emission Technique as a Monitoring System for an FRP Cryostat.- Dissipative Energies of Epoxy Cracking in Superconducting Magnets.- Dissipative Energies of an Epoxy Resin and Mica at 4.2 K.- Mechanical Performance of Superconducting Cables Subject To Cyclic Stresses.- Applications of Superconductivity - Magnet Stability.- Pool-Cooled Superconducting Coils: Past, Present and Future.- How Far Will a Magnet Go Without Helium?.- Quench Energies of Potted Magnets, III.- Practical Design Aspects for Superconducting Magnets Cooled with Pool Boiling He I.- Normal Zone Evolution and Propagation in a Cryogenically Stable Superconductor.- Stability Measurements of a Superconductor Cooled by a Two-Dimensional Channel of Helium II.- Temperature and Voltage Analysis of a Protection Scheme for Large Energy Storage Coils.- Three Computer Codes for Safety and Stability of Large Superconducting Magnets.- Heat Exchangers, Heat Transfer to Liquid Helium and Nitrogen.- The Effect of Fluid Property Variations on the Performance of Cryogenic Helium Heat Exchangers.- Enhancement of Condensation Heat Transfer Inside V-Type Corrugated Vertical Tubes.- Channel Heat Transfer in He I - Steady State Orientation Dependence.- Temperature Dependence of the Time Delay to the Onset of Film Boiling in Liquid Helium.- Reverse Convection in Helium and Other Fluids in the High Speed Rotating Frame: Negative and Positive Buoyancy Effects.- An Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in Multilayer Insulation Systems from Room Temperature to 77 K.- Heat and Mass Transfer in He II.- Boiling in Saturated He II.- Analysis of Flow Instability of Supercritical Helium in Curved Tubing.- Dynamical Behaviour of He II Circulation Loop Under Heat Load.- Steady State Forced Convection Heat Transfer in He II.- Heat Transfer from Thin Wires to Superfluid Helium Under Reduced Gravity.- Determination of the Darcy Permeability of Porous Media Including Sintered Metal Plugs.- Refrigeration for MRI and Other Small Systems; Cryopumps.- 4 K Refrigerator and Interface for MRI Cryostats.- Refrigerator Operating Experience on Whole Body MRI Magnet Systems.- Low Temperature Closed Cooling System for MRI Magnets.- Cryogenic Design of the Stochastic Cooling Pick-Ups for the Cern Antiproton Collector (ACOL).- A Cryostat for Radio Astronomy Receivers Using Superconducting Mixers at Millimetre Wavelengths.- A Liquid Helium Distributing Refrigerator for Materials Testing Machines.- Cryogenic Aspects of the Hybrid Magnet at Tohoku University.- Design and Performance of a Liquid Helium Cryopump Operating in the Viscous Flow Regime.- Refrigeration for Superconducting Fusion, Accelerator and Generator Systems.- Cryogenic Systems for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility.- The Jet Cryogenic Supply System.- The Tore Supra 300 W - 1.75 K Refrigerator.- Performance of the IFSMTF Helium Refrigerator in Partial-Array Tests.- Operational Tests of the BNL 24.8 Kw, 3.8 K Helium Refrigerator.- The Refrigeration System for the Superconducting Proton Ring of the Electron Proton Collider Hera.- Recent Operating Experience with the Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier.- Operational History of Fermilab's 1500 W Refrigerator Used for Energy Saver Magnet Production Testing.- Cryogenic System of the Mit-Doe Superconducting Generator.- Refrigeration and Liquefaction.- Configuration and Testing of a Saturated Vapor Helium Compressor.- Experimental Investigation of a New Type Expander.- Second Law Analysis of the Helium Refrigerators for the Hera Proton Magnet Ring.- Capacity Upgrade of the Exell Helium Liquefier Plant by the Addition of a Wet Engine.- Two-Phase Cooling for Superconducting Magnets.- Thermal A…