This book reports on advances in fundamental and applied research at the interface between nanotechnology and biomedical engineering. Gathering peer-reviewed contributions to the 6th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering, ICNBME held on September 20-23, 2023, in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, this second volume of the proceedings focuses on clinical engineering and instrumentation, bioinformatics, image and signal processing techniques, and new technologies for medical diagnosis, treatment and personalised medicine. With a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot of multidisciplinary research at the interface between physics, chemistry, biomedicine, materials science, and engineering.