This book contains selected contributions presented at the 16th international conference "Contribution of Metallography to Production Problem Solutions" (16th ICMPPS) held on 4 - 6 September 2024 in Mariánské Lázne, Czech Republic. The conference focused on the application of metallography in industrial practice, specifically for solving production problems, elucidating premature failure of machine components and constructions during service, breakdowns, or accidents. In addition, some results of new research projects which could improve manufacturing technology or the quality of machine products are presented. Individual papers address the causes of failure, fracture mechanisms, insufficient material properties, and incorrect component function. This edition will be helpful for specialists in materials science, metallurgy and materials treatment technologies.