The Paul Zsolnay publishing house was established in Vienna in the late fall of 1923. It was Austria's leading literary publisher in the years between the two World Wars and focused on literature from abroad alongside works in German. The present study draws on material from the extensive company archives. It describes the establishment of the firm, the development of its publishing program, the production conditions prevailing, the intensive relations between publisher and authors, and the interconnections between literature and politics up to the end of the War. The appendix contains a complete listing of the works published by Zsolnay between 1924 and 1945.