The third and final part of this interdisciplinary symposium deals with the period from the first World War to the ascendancy of the National Socialists, and concerns itself largely with the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in the Weimar Republic and in Austria and the way this is reflected in various areas of politics and culture (literature, ethnography, music). These developments are shown as having an influence on the debate between Jewish authors, artists and politicians themselves and on their attempts to formulate a specifically Jewish standpoint. A look beyond the year 1945 illustrates how stubbornly stereotyped images of what is 'Jewish' persist in literary works, despite the changes in attitude.