Visible-Light-Active Photocatalysis

A comprehensive and timely overview of this important and hot topic, with special emphasis placed on environmental applications and the potential for solar light harvesting. Following introductory chapters on environmental photocatalysis, water splitting, and applications in synthetic chemistry, further chapters focus on the synthesis and design of photocatalysts, solar energy conversion, and such environmental aspects as the removal of water pollutants, photocatalytic conversion of CO2. Besides metal oxide-based photocatalysts, the authors cover other relevant material classes including carbon-based nanomaterials and novel hybrid materials. Chapters on mechanistic aspects, computational modeling of photocatalysis and Challenges and perspectives of solar reactor design for industrial applications complete this unique survey of the subject. With its in-depth discussions ranging from a comprehensive understanding to the engineering of materials and applied devices, this is an invaluable resource for a range of disciplines.

Auteur
Dr. Srabanti Ghosh is currently a Senior Research Associate (Scientists' Pool Scheme) in the Fuel Cell and Battery Division, at the CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute in Kolkota, India. She received her PhD in 2010 from UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre and Jadavpur University, Kolkata, followed by a position as research associate at the Centre for Advanced Material, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkota. After a research stay as a postdoctoral fellow (RBUCE UP, Marie Curie Cofund) at the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, University of Paris-Sud, France, she was appointed as Visiting Assistant Professor at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata, India. Her research interests encompass synthesis and applications of semiconductor, graphene and polymer-based nanomaterials, sensing, solar light harvesting, liquid fuel cells and catalysis

Contenu

Preface xvii

Part I Visible-Light Active Photocatalysis Research and Technological Advancements 1

**1 Research Frontiers in Solar Light Harvesting 3
**Srabanti Ghosh

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis for Environmental Protection 4

1.3 Photocatalysis forWater Splitting 8

1.4 Photocatalysis for Organic Transformations 11

1.5 Mechanistic Studies of Visible-Light-Active Photocatalysis 13

1.6 Summary 14

References 15

**2 Recent Advances on Photocatalysis forWater Detoxification and CO2 Reduction 27
**Carlotta Raviola and Stefano Protti

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Photocatalysts for Environmental Remediation and CO2 Reduction 30

2.3 Photoreactors for Solar Degradation of Organic Pollutants and CO2 Reduction 38

2.4 Conclusion 44

Acknowledgment 44

References 45

**3 Fundamentals of PhotocatalyticWater Splitting (Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution) 53
**Sanjib Shyamal, Paramita Hajra, Harahari Mandal, Aparajita Bera, Debasis Sariket, and Chinmoy Bhattacharya

3.1 Introduction 53

3.2 Strategy for Development of Photocatalyst Systems forWater Splitting 54

3.3 Electrochemistry of Semiconductors at the Electrolyte Interface 56

3.4 Effect of Light at the SemiconductorElectrolyte Interface 58

3.5 Conversion and Storage of Sunlight 62

3.6 Electrolysis and Photoelectrolysis 63

3.7 Development of Photocatalysts for Solar-DrivenWater Splitting 65

3.8 Approaches to Develop Visible-Light-AbsorbingMetal Oxides 66

3.9 Conclusions 68

References 68

4 Photoredox Catalytic Activation of CarbonHalogen Bonds: CH Functionalization Reactions under **Visible Light 75
**Javier I. Bardagi and Indrajit Ghosh

4.1 Introduction 75

4.2 Activation of Alkyl Halides 77

4.3 Activation of Aryl Halides 91

4.4 Factors That Determine the CarbonHalogen Bond Activation of Aryl Halides 108

4.5 Factors That Determine the Yields of the CH Arylated Products 109

4.6 Achievements and Challenges Ahead 109

4.7 Conclusion 110

References 110

Part II Design and Developments of Visible Light Active Photocatalysis 115

**5 Black TiO2: The New-Generation Photocatalyst 117
**Sanjay Gopal Ullattil, Soumya B. Narendranath, and Pradeepan Periyat

5.1 Introduction 117

5.2 Designing Black TiO2 Nanostructures 118

5.3 Black TiO2 as Photocatalyst 122

5.4 Conclusions 123

References 123

6 Effect of Modification of TiO2 with Metal Nanoparticles on Its Photocatalytic Properties Studied by **Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity 129
**Hynd Remita,María GuadalupeMéndezMedrano, and Christophe Colbeau-Justin

6.1 Introduction 129

6.2 Deposition of Metal Nanoparticles by Radiolysis and by Photodeposition Method 130

6.3 Electronic Properties Studied Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity 132

6.4 Modification of TiO2 with Au Nanoparticles 138

6.5 Modification of TiO2 with Bi Clusters 144

6.6 Surface Modification of TiO2 with Bimetallic Nanoparticles 146

6.7 The Effect of Metal Cluster Deposition Route on Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on TiO2 155

6.8 Summary 156

References 157

**7 Glassy Photocatalysts: New Trend in Solar Photocatalysis 165
**Bharat B. Kale,Manjiri A. Mahadadalkar, and Ashwini P. Bhirud

7.1 Introduction 165

7.2 Fundamentals of H2S Splitting 166

7.3 Designing the Assembly for H2S Splitting 168

7.4 Chalcogenide Photocatalysts 170

7.5 Limitations of Powder Photocatalysts 170

7.6 Glassy Photocatalyst: Innovative Approach 171 7.7 General Methods for Glasses ...