Normal Development of Voice in Children

With updated acoustical measures of voice profiles (phonetograms, the audiogram of the voice) and the fundamental frequency of the tone range, new standards have been reached . In particular, the comparison to normal pediatric and hormonal development highlights the statistical scientific validity of voice parameters. The relation to hormones and the predictive values for voice development open new and interesting perspectives for experts. This book offers valuable insight into acoustical, physiological and biological measures that compare boys and girls and are based on prospective and stratified studies.

Résumé
The technical measurement of individual parameters in an area as complex as music and song has achieved acceptance only in recent years. However important objective parameters of normal voice development may be, they are especially so when patholo- cal deviations have to be recognised and defined. It is nevertheless also possible to a certain extent to describe different qualities of normal voice development in terms of measurable parameters. Hormonal changes have a considerable influence on the ph- ical and mental development of boys and girls. The extent to which this influence affects voice development in the two sexes will be made clear in this work through the observation of a number of parameters. I hope that this will stimulate further investigations of this topic. Possible interesting topics for further research are emphasised in the text. Working with adolescents and documenting their vocal dev- opment has given me a lot of pleasure. Colleagues with different medical specialities have supported me in this task. The practical significance of this work has shown itself in the way the results obtained (the graphs and tables) are used today by laryngo- gists, phoniatricians and music teachers in their daily work, and vii viii Preface the determination of hormonal levels in the course of puberty has been introduced as a routine in choirs.

Contenu
The Questions to Be Investigated.- Possibilites and Limitations Offered by the Technique Used in the Investigation.- Materials and Method.- Results.- Discussion.- Answers to the Questions Posed.