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Conquer the complexities of this open source statistical language R is fast becoming the de facto standard for statistical computing and analysis in science, business, engineering, and related fields. This book examines this complex language using simple statistical examples, showing how R operates in a user-friendly context. Both students and workers in fields that require extensive statistical analysis will find this book helpful as they learn to use R for simple summary statistics, hypothesis testing, creating graphs, regression, and much more. It covers formula notation, complex statistics, manipulating data and extracting components, and rudimentary programming.
Dr. Mark Gardener is an ecologist, lecturer, and writer working in the UK. He is currently self-employed and runs courses in ecology, data analysis, and R for a variety of organizations.
Auteur
Dr. Mark Gardener is an ecologist, lecturer, and writer working in the UK. He is currently self-employed and runs courses in ecology, data analysis, and R for a variety of organizations.
Texte du rabat
Gain better insight into your data using the power of R
While R is very flexible and powerful, it is unlike most of the computer programs you have used. In order to unlock its full potential, this book delves into the language, making it accessible so you can tackle even the most complex of data analysis tasks. Simple data examples are integrated throughout so you can explore the capabilities and versatility of R. Along the way, you'll also learn how to carry out a range of commonly used statistical methods, including Analysis of Variance and Linear Regression. By the end, you'll be able to effectively and efficiently analyze your data and present the results.
Beginning R:
Discusses how to implement some basic statistical methods such as the t-test, correlation, and tests of association
Explains how to turn your graphs from merely adequate to simply stunning
Provides you with the ability to define complex analytical situations
Demonstrates ways to make and rearrange your data for easier analysis
Covers how to carry out basic regression as well as complex model building and curvilinear regression
Shows how to produce customized functions and simple scripts that can automate your workflow
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Résumé
Conquer the complexities of this open source statistical language
R is fast becoming the de facto standard for statistical computing and analysis in science, business, engineering, and related fields. This book examines this complex language using simple statistical examples, showing how R operates in a user-friendly context. Both students and workers in fields that require extensive statistical analysis will find this book helpful as they learn to use R for simple summary statistics, hypothesis testing, creating graphs, regression, and much more. It covers formula notation, complex statistics, manipulating data and extracting components, and rudimentary programming.
Contenu
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1: Introducing R: What It Is and How to Get It 1
Getting the Hang of R 2
The R Website 3
Downloading and Installing R from CRAN 3
Installing R on Your Windows Computer 4
Installing R on Your Macintosh Computer 7
Installing R on Your Linux Computer 7
Running the R Program 8
Finding Your Way with R 10
Getting Help via the CRAN Website and the Internet 10
The Help Command in R 10
Help for Windows Users 11
Help for Macintosh Users 11
Help for Linux Users 13
Help For All Users 13
Anatomy of a Help Item in R 14
Command Packages 16
Standard Command Packages 16
What Extra Packages Can Do for You 16
How to Get Extra Packages of R Commands 18
How to Install Extra Packages for Windows Users 18
How to Install Extra Packages for Macintosh Users 18
How to Install Extra Packages for Linux Users 19
Running and Manipulating Packages 20
Loading Packages 21
Windows-Specific Package Commands 21
Macintosh-Specific Package Commands 21
Removing or Unloading Packages 22
Summary 22
Chapter 2: Starting Out: Becoming Familiar with R 25
Some Simple Math 26
Use R Like a Calculator 26
Storing the Results of Calculations 29
Reading and Getting Data into R 30
Using the combine Command for Making Data 30
Entering Numerical Items as Data 30
Entering Text Items as Data 31
Using the scan Command for Making Data 32
Entering Text as Data 33
Using the Clipboard to Make Data 33
Reading a File of Data from a Disk 35
Reading Bigger Data Files 37
The read.csv() Command 37
Alternative Commands for Reading Data in R 39
Missing Values in Data Files 40
Viewing Named Objects 41
Viewing Previously Loaded Named-Objects 42
Viewing All Objects 42
Viewing Only Matching Names 42
Removing Objects from R 44
Types of Data Items 45
Number Data 45
Text Items 45
Converting Between Number and Text Data 46
The Structure of Data Items 47
Vector Items 48
Data Frames 48
Matrix Objects 49
List Objects 49
Examining Data Structure 49
Working with History Commands 51
Using History Files 52
Viewing the Previous Command History 52
Saving and Recalling Lists of Commands 52
Alternative History Commands in Macintosh OS 52
Editing History Files 53
Saving Your Work in R 54
Saving the Workspace on Exit 54
Saving Data Files to Disk 54
Save Named Objects 54
Save Everything 55
Reading Data Files from Disk 56
Saving Data to Disk as Text…