Phytotherapies

Covering fundamentals and new developments in phytotherapy, this
book combines pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry with clinical
issues.

• Helps readers better understand
  phytotherapy and learn the fundamentals of and how to analyze
  phytotherapeutic agents

• Discusses phytotherapy in modern
  medicine, chemoprevention of disease, and alternatives to
  western medicines for specific diseases

• Chapters summarizes the uses and
  applications of phytomedicines, by type like Chinese, Greco-Arab,
  Indian, European, and Ayurvedic

• Includes international regulatory
  perspectives and discusses emerging regulations for various
  established and emerging markets

Auteur

Iqbal Ramzan is the Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Sydney, Australia. He is a registered pharmacist and holds a Diploma of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. Dr. Ramzan also served two terms as a Fellow of The University. He is an author/co-author of over 140 publications in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug assays, and drug metabolism. Dr. Ramzan is a member of several professional committees and councils, including the Director of the Council of Pharmacy Schools (Australia and New Zealand). He also serves on the Australian Government's Pharmaceutical SubCommittee of the Advisory Committee on Prescription Medicines.

Résumé
Covering fundamentals and new developments in phytotherapy, this book combines pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry with clinical issues.

• Helps readers better understand phytotherapy and learn the fundamentals of and how to analyze phytotherapeutic agents
• Discusses phytotherapy in modern medicine, chemoprevention of disease, and alternatives to western medicines for specific diseases
• Chapters summarizes the uses and applications of phytomedicines, by type like Chinese, Greco-Arab, Indian, European, and Ayurvedic
• Includes international regulatory perspectives and discusses emerging regulations for various established and emerging markets

Contenu
List of Contributors xvii

Preface xxi

**1 PhytotherapiesPast, Present, and Future 1
**Iqbal Ramzan and George Q. Li

1.1 Overview of Phytotherapy 1

1.2 Preclinical Research on Phytotherapies 3

1.3 Clinical Research on Phytotherapies 6

1.4 Safety of Phytotherapies 8

1.5 Profile of Research in Complementary Medicine 9

1.6 Summary and Future Directions 12

References 12

**2 Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Phytomedicines: Key Considerations, Methods, and Analytical Challenges 18
**WaiPing Yau, Cheong Hian Goh, and HweeLing Koh

2.1 Introduction 18

2.2 Key Considerations in QC/QA of Phytomedicines 20

2.3 Methods for QC/QA of Phytomedicines 27

2.4 Challenges 37

2.5 Conclusions 40

References 40

*3 Preclinical (*In Vivo) and Laboratory (In Vitro) Evidence of Phytomedicine Efficacy 49
**Mohi Iqbal Mohammed Abdul and Tom HsunWei Huang

3.1 Introduction to Development of Drugs from Nature 49

3.2 Use of In Vitro and in Vivo Models in Herb Drug Research: Learning Thus Far 50

3.3 Cardiovascular and StrokeRelated Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Focus 53

3.4 Conclusions 60

References 61

**4 Clinical Efficacy Trials with Natural Products and Herbal Medicines 65
**Christina L. Nance

4.1 Introduction 65

4.2 Trials in Various Disease States 66

4.3 Natural Product: Green Tea 73

4.4 EGCG Clinical Trials 75

4.5 Human Clinical Study: EGCG and HIV1 Infection 78

4.6 Conclusion 80

References 80

**5 Novel Formulations and Drug Delivery Systems for Phytotherapies 89
**Shengpeng Wang, Meiwan Chen, Qi (Tony) Zhou, and HakKim Chan

5.1 Limitations of Conventional Formulations for Herbal Medicines 89

5.2 Crucial Issues of Developing Novel Delivery Systems for Herbal Medicines 91

5.3 Novel Delivery Systems of Herbal Medicines 93

5.4 Summary 96

References 97

**6 Phytotherapies Used by Indigenous Populations 101
**Bradley S. Simpson and Susan J. Semple

6.1 Introduction 101

6.2 Phytotherapies of Indigenous Australians 103

6.3 Challenges of a Changing Environment 114

6.4 Conclusions 117

References 118

**7 Phytotherapies from Traditional Chinese Medicine 122
**Michael Rieder

7.1 Traditional Chinese Medicine 122

7.2 Key Concepts in Traditional Chinese Medicine 124

7.3 Herbal Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine 126

7.4 Issues in the Development of Phytotherapy from Traditional Chinese Medicine 130

7.5 Phytotherapies Developed from Traditional Chinese Medicine 131

7.6 Huang Qin Tang and the Development of PHY906 134

7.7 Ginseng 136

7.8 Moving Forward 138

References 138

**8 Integrating Traditional GrecoArab and Islamic Diet and Herbal Medicines in Research and Clinical Practice 142
**Bashar Saad

8.1 Introduction 142

8.2 Food Therapy in GrecoArab and Islamic Medicine 147

8.3 Medicinal Plants 157

References 177

**9 Evolution of Herbal Medicines in Europe and its Relationship with Modern Medicine 183
**Elizabeth M. Williamson and Kelvin Chan

9.1 Background 183

9.2 Historical Perspective 184

9.3 European Herbal Medicine: Relationship with Modern Medicine 194

9.4 Summary 194

References 196

**10 Chemical Classification and Chemistry of Phytotherapeutics Constituents 199
**Pei H. Cui and Colin C. Duke

10.1 Introduction 199

10.2 Phytochemicals 201 <p...