A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics

Provides fully updated coverage of new experiments in quantum optics

This fully revised and expanded edition of a well-established textbook on experiments on quantum optics covers new concepts, results, procedures, and developments in state-of-the-art experiments. It starts with the basic building blocks and ideas of quantum optics, then moves on to detailed procedures and new techniques for each experiment. Focusing on metrology, communications, and quantum logic, this new edition also places more emphasis on single photon technology and hybrid detection. In addition, it offers end-of-chapter summaries and full problem sets throughout.

Beginning with an introduction to the subject, A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition presents readers with chapters on classical models of light, photons, quantum models of light, as well as basic optical components. It goes on to give readers full coverage of lasers and amplifiers, and examines numerous photodetection techniques being used today. Other chapters examine quantum noise, squeezing experiments, the application of squeezed light, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The book finishes with a section on quantum information before summarizing of the contents and offering an outlook on the future of the field.

-Provides all new updates to the field of quantum optics, covering the building blocks, models and concepts, latest results, detailed procedures, and modern experiments
-Places emphasis on three major goals: metrology, communications, and quantum logic
-Presents fundamental tests of quantum mechanics (Schrodinger Kitten, multimode entanglement, photon systems as quantum emulators), and introduces the density function
-Includes new trends and technologies in quantum optics and photodetection, new results in sensing and metrology, and more coverage of quantum gates and logic, cluster states, waveguides for multimodes, discord and other quantum measures, and quantum control
-Offers end of chapter summaries and problem sets as new features

A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition is an ideal book for professionals, and graduate and upper level students in physics and engineering science.

Auteur
Hans Bachor, PhD, is Professor at the Australian National University and the Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics. He is a Fellow of the AIP, IOP, and AOS, and has won several Humboldt prizes, an ARC Federation fellow, and the Australian Institute of Physics Award for Outstanding Services to Physics.

Tim Ralph, PhD, is an Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Node Director and Program Manager of the Queensland Node of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology.

Résumé
Provides fully updated coverage of new experiments in quantum optics

This fully revised and expanded edition of a well-established textbook on experiments on quantum optics covers new concepts, results, procedures, and developments in state-of-the-art experiments. It starts with the basic building blocks and ideas of quantum optics, then moves on to detailed procedures and new techniques for each experiment. Focusing on metrology, communications, and quantum logic, this new edition also places more emphasis on single photon technology and hybrid detection. In addition, it offers end-of-chapter summaries and full problem sets throughout.

Beginning with an introduction to the subject, A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition presents readers with chapters on classical models of light, photons, quantum models of light, as well as basic optical components. It goes on to give readers full coverage of lasers and amplifiers, and examines numerous photodetection techniques being used today. Other chapters examine quantum noise, squeezing experiments, the application of squeezed light, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The book finishes with a section on quantum information before summarizing of the contents and offering an outlook on the future of the field.

-Provides all new updates to the field of quantum optics, covering the building blocks, models and concepts, latest results, detailed procedures, and modern experiments
-Places emphasis on three major goals: metrology, communications, and quantum logic
-Presents fundamental tests of quantum mechanics (Schrodinger Kitten, multimode entanglement, photon systems as quantum emulators), and introduces the density function
-Includes new trends and technologies in quantum optics and photodetection, new results in sensing and metrology, and more coverage of quantum gates and logic, cluster states, waveguides for multimodes, discord and other quantum measures, and quantum control
-Offers end of chapter summaries and problem sets as new features

A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition is an ideal book for professionals, and graduate and upper level students in physics and engineering science.

Contenu

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Optics in Modern Life 1

1.2 The Origin and Progress of Quantum Optics 3

1.3 Motivation Through Simple and Direct Teaching Experiments 7

1.4 Consequences of Photon Correlations 12

1.5 How to Use This Guide 14

References 16

2 Classical Models of Light 19

2.1 Classical Waves 20

2.1.1 Mathematical Description of Waves 20

2.1.2 The Gaussian Beam 21

2.1.3 Quadrature Amplitudes 24

2.1.4 Field Energy, Intensity, and Power 25

2.1.5 A Classical Mode of Light 26

2.1.6 Light Carries Information 28

2.1.7 Modulations 30

2.2 Optical Modes and Degrees of Freedom 32

2.2.1 Lasers with Single and Multiple Modes 32

2.2.2 Polarization 33

2.2.2.1 Poincaré Sphere and Stokes Vectors 35

2.2.3 Multimode Systems 36

2.3 Statistical Properties of Classical Light 37

2.3.1 The Origin of Fluctuations 37

2.3.1.1 Gaussian Noise Approximation 38

2.3.2 Noise Spectra 39

2.3.3 Coherence 40

2.3.3.1 Correlation Functions 44

2.4 An Example: Light from a Chaotic Source as the Idealized Classical Case 46

2.5 Spatial Information and Imaging 50

2.5.1 State-of-the-Art Imaging 50

2.5.2 Classical Imaging 52

2.5.3 Image Detection 55

2.5.4 Scanning 56

2.5.5 Quantifying Noise and Contrast 58

2.5.6 Coincidence Imaging 59

2.5.7 Imaging with Coherent Light 60

2.5.8 Image Reconstruction with Structured Illumination 60

2.5.9 Image Analysis and Modes 61

2.5.10 Detection Modes and Displacement 61

2.6 Summary 62

References 63

Further Reading 64

3 Photons: The Motivation to Go Beyond Classical Optics 65

3.1 Detecting Light 65

3.2 The Concept of Photons 68

3.3 Light from a Thermal Source 70

3.4 Interference Experiments 73

3.5 Modelling Single-Photon Experiments 78

3.5.1 Polarization of a Single Photon 79

3.5.1.1 Some Mathematics 80

3.5.2 Polarization States 81

3.5.3 The Single-Photon Interferometer 83

3.6 Intensity Correlation, Bunching, and Anti-bunching 84

3.7 Observing Photons in Cavities 88

3.8 Summary 90

References 90

Further Reading 92

4 Quantum Models of Light 93

4.1 Quantization of Light 93

4.1.1 Some General Comments on Quantum Mechanics 93

4.1.2 Quantization of Cavity Modes 94

4.1.3 Quantized Energy 95

4.1.4 The Creation and Annihilation Operators 97

4.2 Quantum States of Light 97

4.2.1 Number or Fock States 97

4.2.2 Coherent States 99

4.2.3 Mixed States 101

4.3 Quantum Optical Representations 102

4.3.1 Quadrature Amplitude Operators 102

4.3.2 Probability and Quasi-probability Distributions 104

4.3.3 Photon Number Distributions 108

4.3.4 Covariance Matrix 111

4.3.4.1 Summary of Different Representations of Quantum States and Quantum Noise 112

4.4 Propagation and Detection of Quantum Optical…