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Explaining the theory and practice of options from scratch, this book focuses on the practical side of options trading, and deals with hedging of options and how options traders earn money by doing so. Common terms in option theory are explained and readers are shown how they relate to profit. The book gives the necessary tools to deal with options in practice and it includes mathematical formulae to lift explanations from a superficial level. Throughout the book real-life examples will illustrate why investors use option structures to satisfy their needs.
Auteur
Frans de Weert is mathematician by training who is currently
working as an equity derivatives trader at Barclays Capital, New
York. After obtaining his masters in Mathematics, specializing in
probability theory and financial mathematics at the University of
Utrecht, he went on to do a research degree, M.Phil, in probability
theory at the University of Manchester.
After his academic career he started working as trader for
Barclays Capital in London. In this role he gained experience in
trading many different derivative products on European and American
equities. After two and half years in London, he moved to New York
to start trading derivatives on both Latin American as well as US
underlyings. Frans de Weert lives in New York city.
Texte du rabat
An Introduction to Options Trading is a pleasurable book to read. The simplicity of the language and exposition make it accessible to a wide spectrum of interested readers, especially to option traders. Although no rigorous mathematics is discussed in this book, the formulas used are well motivated and explained.
Karma Dajani, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
An Introduction to Options Trading is one of the first books to explain where the profit of option traders really comes from. Although people usually assume that this profit relates to bid-offer spreads, this book actually shows that there is a much more sophisticated way of making money when trading options.
This book shows why investors use option structures to satisfy their needs, and what practical implications these option structures have on the trader.
Explaining the theory and practice of options trading from scratch, the reader will quickly become familiar with delta hedging, gamma, vega and theta and how these terms relate to the trader's profit. Throughout the book real-life examples will be used to explain the practicalities of options bringing the theory behind options to life.
After reading An Introduction to Options Trading the reader will understand how options can be tailored to an investor's needs. The book will give the reader an understanding of the incredible potential of making money through options and will equip him with the necessary tools to deal with options in practice.
Contenu
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction xvii
1 OPTIONS 1
1.1 Examples 3
1.2 American versus European options 7
1.3 Terminology 8
1.4 Early exercise of American options 13
1.5 Payoffs 15
1.6 Putcall parity 16
2 THE BLACKSCHOLES FORMULA 21
2.1 Volatility and the BlackScholes formula 28
2.2 Interest rate and the BlackScholes formula 29
2.3 Pricing American options 31
3 DIVIDENDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON OPTIONS 33
3.1 Forwards 34
3.2 Pricing of stock options including dividends 35
3.3 Pricing options in terms of the forward 36
3.4 Dividend risk for options 38
3.5 Synthetics 39
4 IMPLIED VOLATILITY 41
4.1 Example 44
4.2 Strategy and implied volatility 45
5 DELTA 47
5.1 Delta-hedging 52
5.2 The most dividend-sensitive options 57
5.3 Exercise-ready American calls on dividend paying stocks 57
6 THREE OTHER GREEKS 61
6.1 Gamma 62
6.2 Theta 65
6.3 Vega 69
7 THE PROFIT OF OPTION TRADERS 73
7.1 Dynamic hedging of a long call option 74
7.1.1 Hedging dynamically every $1 75
7.1.2 Hedging dynamically every $2 76
7.2 Dynamic hedging of a short call option 77
7.2.1 Hedging dynamically every $1 78
7.2.2 Hedging dynamically every $2 79
7.3 Profit formula for dynamic hedging 80
7.3.1 Long call option 81
7.3.2 Short call option 83
7.4 The relationship between dynamic hedging and 86
7.5 The relationship between dynamic hedging and when the interest rate is strictly positive 88
7.6 Conclusion 91
8 OPTION GREEKS IN PRACTICE 93
8.1 Interaction between gamma and vega 94
8.2 The importance of the direction of the underlying share to the option Greeks 97
8.3 Pin risk for short-dated options 98
8.4 The riskiest options to go short 99
9 SKEW 101
9.1 What is skew? 102
9.2 Reasons for skew 103
9.3 Reasons for higher volatilities in falling markets 104
10 SEVERAL OPTION STRATEGIES 105
10.1 Call spread 106
10.2 Put spread 107
10.3 Collar 109
10.4 Straddle 111
10.5 Strangle 112
11 DIFFERENT OPTION STRATEGIES AND WHY INVESTORS EXECUTE THEM 117
11.1 The portfolio manager's approach to options 118
11.2 Options and corporates with cross-holdings 119
11.3 Options in the event of a takeover 120
11.4 Risk reversals for insurance companies 122
11.5 Pre-paid forwards 123
11.6 Employee incentive schemes 126
11.7 Share buy-backs 126
12 TWO EXOTIC OPTIONS 129
12.1 The quanto option 130
12.2 The composite option 135
13 REPO 137
13.1 A repo example 138
13.2 Repo in case of a takeover 139
13.3 Repo and its effect on options 140
13.4 Takeover in cash and its effect on the forward 141
Appendices
A PROBABILITY THAT AN OPTION EXPIRES IN THE MONEY 143
B VARIANCE OF A COMPOSITE OPTION 145
Bibliography 149
Index 151