This is the only comprehensive guide and deployment reference for building flexible data center network fabrics with VXLAN and BGP EVPN technologies. Writing for experienced network professionals, three leading Cisco experts address everything from standards and protocols to functions, configurations, and operations.

The authors first explain why and how data center fabrics are evolving, and introduce Cisco's fabric journey. Next, they review key switch roles, essential data center network fabric terminology, and core concepts such as network attributes, control plane details, and the associated data plane encapsulation.

Building on this foundation, they provide a deep dive into fabric semantics, efficient creation and addressing of the underlay, multi-tenancy, control and data plane interaction, forwarding flows, external interconnectivity, and service appliance deployments. You'll find detailed tutorials, descriptions, and packet flows that can easily be adapted to accommodate customized deployments. This guide concludes with a full section on fabric management, introducing multiple opportunities to simplify, automate, and orchestrate data center network fabrics.

Learn how changing data center requirements have driven the evolution to overlays, evolved control planes, and VXLAN BGP EVPN spine-leaf fabrics
Discover why VXLAN BGP EVPN fabrics are so scalable, resilient, and elastic
Implement enhanced unicast and multicast forwarding of tenant traffic over the VXLAN BGP EVPN fabric
Build fabric underlays to efficiently transport uni- and multi-destination traffic
Connect the fabric externally via Layer 3 (VRF-Lite, LISP, MPLS L3VPN) and Layer 2 (VPC)
Choose your most appropriate Multi-POD, multifabric, and Data Center Interconnect (DCI) options
Integrate Layer 4-7 services into the fabric, including load balancers and firewalls
Manage fabrics with POAP-based day-0 provisioning, incremental day 0.5 configuration, overlay day-1 configuration, or day-2 operations

Auteur

Lukas Krattiger, CCIE No. 21921 (Routing/Switching and Data Center), is principal engineer, Technical Marketing, with more than 15 years of experience in data center, Internet, and application networks. Within Cisco, he specializes in data center switching, overlay architectures, and solutions across platforms. Lukas is a double-CCIE (R&S and Data Center) with several other industry certifications and has participated in various technology leadership and advisory groups. Prior to joining Cisco, Lukas was a senior network engineer with System Integrators and Service Providers, where he was responsible for data center and Internet networks. Since joining Cisco, he has covered various technologies within the data center as well as enterprise networks portfolio, and he has built foundational solutions for customers and partners. He is from Switzerland and currently lives in California with his wife and one wonderful daughter. He can be found on Twitter at @ccie21921.

Shyam Kapadia is a principal engineer in the Data Center Group at Cisco Systems. With more than a decade of experience in the networking industry, Shyam holds more than 30 patents and has coauthored the book Using TRILL, FabricPath, and VXLAN: Designing MSDC with Overlays. In his 10 years at Cisco, Shyam has worked on a number of products, including the Catalyst and Nexus families of switches, with special emphasis on end-to-end data center solutions, including automation and orchestration. He holds a Ph.D. and master's degree from the University of Southern California in the field of computer science. Over the past 15 years, Shyam has been the Program Chair for the Southern California Linux Exposition (SCALE). He lives in California with his wife, enjoys watching international movies, and is passionate about sports including cricket, basketball, and football.

David Jansen, CCIE No. 5952 (Routing/Switching), is a distinguished systems engineer (DSE) for Cisco, specializing in data center, campus, branch/WAN, and cloud architectures. He has 20 years of experience in the industry and has earned certifications from Novell, VMware, Microsoft, TOGAF, and Cisco. His focus is working with global enterprise customers to address their challenges with comprehensive end-to-end data center, enterprise, WAN/Internet, and cloud architectures. David has been with Cisco for more than 19 years; for the last 4 years or so as a DSE, he has gained unique experiences in building next generation data center solutions. David has a bachelor's degree in computer science engineering from the University of Michigan and a master's degree in adult education from Central Michigan University.

Contenu

Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Programmable Fabric 1
Today's Data Center Challenges and Requirements 2
The Data Center Fabric Journey 3
Cisco Open Programmable Fabric 10
Fabric-Related Terminology 13
Data Center Network Fabric Properties 14
Server or Endpoint Connectivity Options 15
Summary 17
References 17
Chapter 2 VXLAN BGP EVPN Basics 21
Overlays 23
Introduction to VXLAN 27
VXLAN Flood and Learn (F&L) 30
Introduction to BGP EVPN with VXLAN 32
MP-BGP Features and Common Practices 34
IETF Standards and RFCs 37
Host and Subnet Route Distribution 40
Host Deletion and Move Events 46
Summary 48
References 49
Chapter 3 VXLAN/EVPN Forwarding Characteristics 53
Multidestination Traffic 54
Leveraging Multicast Replication in the Underlying Network 55
Using Ingress Replication 58
VXLAN BGP EVPN Enhancements 60
ARP Suppression 60
Distributed IP Anycast Gateway 65
Integrated Route and Bridge (IRB) 69
Endpoint Mobility 73
Virtual PortChannel (vPC) in VXLAN BGP EVPN 76
DHCP 81
Summary 85
References 85
Chapter 4 The Underlay 87
Underlay Considerations 88
MTU Considerations 91
IP Addressing 93
IP Unicast Routing 99
OSPF as an Underlay 100
IS-IS as an Underlay 102
BGP as an Underlay 103
IP Unicast Routing Summary 106
Multidestination Traffic 107
Unicast Mode 107
Multicast Mode 109
PIM Any Source Multicast (ASM) 112
BiDirectional PIM (PIM BiDir) 114
Summary 119
References 119
Chapter 5 Multitenancy 121
Bridge Domains 123
VLANs in VXLAN 124
Layer 2 Multitenancy: Mode of Operation 129
VLAN-Oriented Mode 130
BD-Oriented Mode 131
VRF in VXLAN BGP EVPN 132
Layer 3 Multitenancy: Mode of Operation 134
Summary 137
References 138
Chapter 6 Unicast Forwarding 139
Intra-Subnet Unicast Forwarding (Bridging) 139
Non-IP Forwarding (Bridging) 147
Inter-Subnet Unicast Forwarding (Routing) 149
Routed Traffic to Silent Endpoints 158
Forwarding with Dual-Homed Endpoint 164
IPv6 167
Summary 169
Chapter 7 Multicast Forwarding 171
Layer 2 Multicast Forwarding 171
IGMP in VXLAN BGP EVPN Networks 174
Layer 2 Multicast Forwarding in vPC 178
Layer 3 Multicast Forwarding 182
Summary 184
References 184
Chapter 8 External Connectivity 185
External Connectivity Placement 185
External Layer 3 Connectivity 189
U-Shaped and Full-Mesh Models 190
VRF Lite/Inter-AS Option A 192
LISP 195
MPLS Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN) 200
External Layer 2 Connectivity 203
Classic Ethernet and vPC 204
Extranet and Shared Services 206
Local/Distributed VRF Route Leaking 207
Downstream VNI Assignment 210
Summary 212
Reference 212
Chapter 9 Multi-Pod, Multifabric, and Data Center Interconnect (DCI) 213
Contrasting OTV and VXLAN 213
Multi-Pod 219
Interconnection a…