Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications

Reviews the properties and applications of photo-elastic, acousto-optic, magneto-optic, electro-optic, and photorefractive materials This book deals with the basic physical properties and applications of photo-elastic, acousto-optic, magneto-optic, electro-optic, and photorefractive materials. It also provides up-to-date information on the design and applications of various optoelectronic devices based on these materials. The first chapter of Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications covers the basic concepts of crystal optics, such as index ellipsoid or optical indicatrix, crystal symmetry, wave surface, birefringence, and the polarization of light. Chapter 2 reviews the physical phenomena of crystal optics in isotropic and crystalline materials. It describes in detail research information on modern photoelastic materials and reviews the up-to-date photoelastic device applications. Chapter 3 develops the underlying theory of acousto-optics from first principles, formulating results suitable for subsequent calculations and design. The fourth chapter describes the basic principles of magneto-optic effects and mode of interaction with magnetic materials. The fifth chapter provides an understanding of the physical phenomenon of the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects in isotropic and crystalline materials. The last chapter collects many of the most important recent developments in photorefractive effects and materials, and pays special attention to recent scientific findings and advances on photorefractive materials and devices. -Features up to date information on the design and applications of various optoelectronic devices -Looks at the basic concepts of crystal optics, including the polarization of light, effects of reflection and transmission of polarization and light polarizing devices, and more -Pays special attention to design procedures for the entire range of acousto-optic devices and various applications of these devices -Provides research information on modern magneto-optic materials and reviews the up-to-date magneto-optic device applications?up to terahertz (THz) regime Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications is an excellent book for the scientific community working in the field, including researchers, lecturers, and advanced students.

Auteur

Dr. Ashim Kumar Bain, received his M.Sc. (Physics) degree in 1989 from Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, and his Ph.D. (Materials Science) degree from Dniepropetrovsk State University, Ukraine, in 1994. He was a postdoctoral research fellow (1995-1998) at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. Presently he has been working as a freelance Physicist in Birmingham, UK. He has published 15 articles, two book chapters and one book.

Contenu
Preface xi

Overview xiii

1 Crystal Optics 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Index Ellipsoid or Optical Indicatrix 1

1.3 Effect of Crystal Symmetry 3

1.4 Wave Surface 4

1.4.1 Uniaxial Crystal 4

1.4.2 Biaxial Crystal 5

1.5 Birefringence 6

1.6 Polarization of Light 8

1.6.1 Linear Polarization Equal Amplitudes 10

1.6.2 Linear Polarization Unequal Amplitudes 10

1.6.3 Circular Polarization 11

1.6.4 Elliptical Polarization 12

1.7 Changing the Polarization of Light 13

1.7.1 Polarizer and Polarizing Beam Splitters 13

1.7.2 Birefringent Wave Plate 14

1.8 Effects of Reflection and Transmission on Polarization 16

1.8.1 Interface Between Two Media 16

1.8.2 Multilayer Thin-Film Filters 17

1.9 Light Polarizing Devices 20

1.9.1 Polarizing Plate 20

1.9.2 Polarizing Prism 20

1.9.3 Phase Plate 21

1.9.4 Optical Isolator 22

1.9.5 Optical Attenuators 22

1.9.6 Polarization Rotator 23

References 25

2 Photoelasticity 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Principle of Photoelasticity 27

2.3 History of Photoelasticity 28

2.4 Phenomenological Theory of Photoelasticity 30

2.5 Atomic Theory of Photoelasticity 33

2.6 Photoelastic Devices 35

2.6.1 Photoelastic Modulator 36

2.6.2 Photoelastic Q-Switch 38

2.6.3 Photoelastic Accelerometer 41

2.6.4 Photoelastic Force Sensor 45

2.7 Photoelastic Materials and Applications 50

2.7.1 LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Crystals 51

2.7.2 Li2Ge7O15 Crystals 53

References 55

3 Acousto-Optics 59

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 Short History of Acousto-optics 59

3.3 Principle of Acousto-optic Effect 61

3.4 Acousto-optic Devices 63

3.4.1 Acousto-optic Modulator 63

3.4.1.1 Acousto-optic Modulator Construction 64

3.4.1.2 Digital Modulation 65

3.4.1.3 Analog Modulation 66

3.4.1.4 Dynamic Contrast Ratio 67

3.4.1.5 Applications of Acousto-optic Modulators 68

3.4.2 Acousto-optic Beam Deflector 69

3.4.2.1 Definition of Optical Deflector Resolution 70

3.4.2.2 Modulation Transfer Function 71

3.4.2.3 Scan Flyback Time 72

3.4.2.4 Cylinder Lensing Effect 72

3.4.2.5 Applications of AOBD 72

3.4.3 Acousto-optic Frequency Shifter 73

3.4.3.1 Principles of Operation 73

3.4.3.2 Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) 75

3.4.4 Acousto-optical Q-Switch 76

3.4.4.1 Applications of Acousto-optical Q-Switches 77

3.4.5 Acousto-optic Tunable Filter 83

3.4.5.1 Principles of AOTF Operation 83

3.4.5.2 Infrared Multispectral Imaging 86

3.4.5.3 Analytical Applications of AOTF 88

3.4.5.4 Satellite- and Space-Based Applications of AOTF 112

3.5 Acousto-optic Materials andTheir Applications 124

3.5.1 Lead Molybdate (PbMoO4) 125

3.5.2 Tellurium Dioxide (TeO2) 125

3.5.3 Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) 131

References 134

4 Magneto-optics 143

4.1 Introduction 143

4.1.1 Gyrotropic Permittivity 143

4.1.2 Kerr Rotation and Kerr Ellipticity 144

4.2 Mode of Interaction 145

4.2.1 Transmission Mode 145

4.2.2 Reflection Mode 148

4.2.3 The Absorption Mode 149

4.3 Magneto-optic Materials Classification 149

4.3.1 Ferromagnetic Metals and Alloys 151

4.3.1.1 Ferromagnetic Semiconductor 152

4.3.1.2 Magnetic Fluid 153 4.3.2 Ferrimagn...