The Cognitive Paradigm

The growing importance of the sciences in industrialised societies has been acknowledged by the increasing number of studies concerned with their development, change and control. In the past 20 or so years there has been a considerable growth in teaching and research programmes dealing with science and technology policy, science and society, sociology and history of science and similar areas which has resulted in much new material about the production and validation of scientific knowledge. In addition to the quanti tative growth of this literature, there has also been a substantial shift in the problems addressed and approaches adopted. In particular, the substantive content of scientific knowledge has become the focus of many historical and sociological studies which seek to understand how knowledges develop and change in different social circumstances. Instead of taking the privileged epistemological status of scientific knowledge for granted, recent approaches have emphasised the socially contingent nature of knowledge production and validation and the pluralistic nature of the sciences. Parallel to these develop ments, there has been a shift in the treatment of science by the state, business and public pressure groups. Increasingly they have sought to control the direction of research, and thus the content of knowledge, directly rather than simply applying existing knowledge. Science has become amenable to social control and influence. Its sacred status has declined and it is increasingly viewed as a socially constituted phenomenon which can be studied in a similar manner to other cultural products.

Résumé
`He (De Mey) has brought together an unusually wide range of material, and suggested some interesting lines of thought, about what should be an important application of cognitive science: The understanding of science itself.'
Cognition and Brain Theory
`...a valuable contribution to the literature of cognitive science, computer science, information science, sciences of science, philosophy and the social sciences generally.'
Scientometrics
`Every serious student of the social phenomenon of science is (therefore) advised to read this book with the closest attention.'
4 S Review

Contenu
One: Introduction to the Cognitive View.- 1. The Development of the Cognitive View.- 2. World Views and Models.- 3. Positivism as a Monadic View.- 4. Logical Positivism: A Structural View.- 5. Contexts of Science: Sciences of Science.- 6. The Cognitive View on Science: Paradigms.- Two: The Social Structure of Science.- 7. Bibliometrics and the Structure of Science.- 8. Informal Groups and the Origin of Networks.- 9. The Life Cycle of Scientific Specialties.- Three: Cognitive Structure and Dynamics of Science.- 10. Paradigms and the Psychology of Attention and Perception.- 11. Puzzle-solving and Reorganization of World Views.- 12. Conservation and the Dynamics of Conceptual Systems.- Epilogue.- Notes.