Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology

Many authors have argued that applying social psychology to the solution of real world problems builds better theories. Observers have claimed, for example, that of human behavior applied social psychology reveals more accurate principles because its data are based on people in real-life circumstances (Helmreich, 1975; Saxe & Fine, 1980), provides an opportunity to assess the ecological validity of generalizations derived from laboratory research (Ellsworth, 1977; Leventhal, 1980), and discloses important gaps in existing theories (Fisher, 1982; Mayo & LaFrance, 1980). Undoubtedly, many concrete examples can be mustered in support of these claims. But it also can be argued that applying social psychology to social issues and problems builds better research methods. Special methodological problems arise and new perspectives on old methodological problems emerge when re searchers leave the laboratory and tackle social problems in real-world settings. Along the way, we not only improve existing research techniques but also devel op new research tools, all of which enhance our ability to obtain valid results and thereby to understand and solve socially relevant problems. Indeed, Campbell and Stanley's (1966) seminal work on validity in research design grew out of the application of social science in field settings. In this spirit, the principal aim of this volume is to present examples of methodological advances being made as researchers apply social psychology in real-life settings.

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To help hone current techniques and develop novel theories, this survey presents both commonly used and nontraditional methodologies-time series designs, structural diary methods, N of 1 analysis, and others-in the application of social psychology to `real-life' settings. Chapters encompass all aspects of the research process, making this a definitive resource for the researcher and the student.

Contenu

1. Resource Planning for Applied Research.- 2. Problem Identification in Social Intervention Research.- 3. Ethical Issues in Community-Based Research and Intervention.- 4. Lessons from the Meta-Analysis of Quasi-Experiments.- 5. A Structured Diary Methodology for the Study of Daily Events.- 6. Time Series Methods in Applied Social Research.- 7. Structural Equations Modeling: A New Friend?.- 8. Research without Control Groups: A Control Construct Design.- 9. Statistical Analysis for Single-Case Designs.- 10. Qualitative Activist Research: Reflections on Methods and Politics.- 11. Thought Experiments and Applied Social Psychology.- 12. Computer Networks in Field Research.- 13. Communicating Applied Social Psychology to Users: A Challenge and an Art.