Ion Implantation in Diamond, Graphite and Related Materials

This book compares the response to ion implantation of different carbon-based materials, emphasizing the structural modifications induced in the various systems and how these modifications are reflected in the electrical, optical and mechanical properties. This comprehensive review will be of interest to materials scientists dealing with future electronic devices, machining tools, and fusion reactor materials.

Texte du rabat

This book comprehensively reviews the current status ofresearch involving ion implantation of diamond, graphite andrelated carbon-based materials. The major part of thediscussion is devoted to diamond and graphite, since thesehave been most extensively studied. For background, a shorttutorial presentation is given on the structure andproperties of these materials prior to ion implantation.Also descibed is recent work on ion-implantaion effects innovel, related materials such as diamond-like (amorphoushydrogenated carbon) films, diamond films, glassy carbon,carbon fibers, and disordered carbons. Emphasis is given tothe structural modifications that the implantation processinduces in the various materials and how these modificationsare reflected in their electrical, optical and mechanicalproperties.This volume will be of interest to researchers dealing withfuture electronic devices, machining tools, and fusionreactor materials and to those working in the gem-stone andcutting-tool industries.

Contenu

1. Introduction.- 2. Carbon Materials: Graphite, Diamond and Others.- 2.1 Structure and Materials.- 2.2 Properties of Graphite.- 2.3 Properties of Diamond.- 3. Ion Implantation.- 3.1 Energy Loss Mechanisms.- 3.2 Parameters of Implantation.- 3.3 Radiation Damage.- 3.4 Energy Loss Simulations.- 4. Ion Beam Analysis Techniques.- 4.1 Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy.- 4.2 Nuclear Reaction Analysis.- 4.3 Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE).- 4.4 Channeling.- 4.5 Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD).- 4.6 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS).- 4.7 Channeling Studies in Graphite-Based Materials.- 4.8 Stoichiometric Characterization of GICs by RBS.- 4.9 Ion Channeling in GICs.- 5. Other Characterization Techniques.- 5.1 Raman Spectroscopy.- 5.2 Other Optical and Magneto-Optical Techniques.- 5.3 Electron Microscopies and Spectroscopies.- 5.4 X-Ray-Related Characterization Techniques.- 5.5 Electronic Transport Measurements.- 5.6 Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).- 5.7 Hyperfine Interactions.- 5.8 Mechanical Properties.- 6. Implantation-Induced Modifications to Graphite.- 6.1 Lattice Damage.- 6.2 Regrowth of Ion-Implanted Graphite.- 6.3 Structural Modification.- 6.4 Modification of the Electronic Structure and Transport Properties.- 6.5 Modification of Mechanical Properties.- 6.6 Implantation with Ferromagnetic Ions.- 6.7 Implantation-Enhanced Intercalation.- 6.8 Implantation with Hydrogen and Deuterium.- 7. Implantation-Induced Modifications to Graphite-Related Materials.- 7.1 Glassy Carbon.- 7.2 Carbon Fibers.- 7.3 Disordered Graphite.- 7.4 Carbon-Based Polymers.- 8. Implantation-Induced Modifications to Diamond.- 8.1 Structural Modifications and Damage-Related Electrical Conductivity.- 8.2 Volume Expansion.- 8.3 Lattice Damage.- 8.4 Damage Annealing and Implantations at Elevated Temperatures.- 8.5 Electrical Doping.- 8.6 Impurity State Identification.- 8.7 Electronic Device Realization.- 8.8 New Materials Synthesis.- 8.9 Improving Mechanical Properties.- 9. Implantation-Induced Modifications to Diamond-Related Materials.- 9.1 Diamond-Like Carbon (a-C:H) Films.- 9.2 Diamond Films.- 10. Concluding Remarks.- References.