Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models

This volume originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy in June 2001. The Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, whose constant contribution in favour of the cooperation among scientists from different countries must be acknowledged. Other Institutions substantially contributed to the success of the ASI and our thanks and appreciation go to the Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), the European Society for Photobiology and the bank Banca Toscana. In the last two decades of the past century, concern has been growing for the possible effects on the biosphere of the stratospheric ozone depletion, due to anthropogenic emissions of ozone-destroying chemicals. The ozone loss causes an increase in the biologically important part of the solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) reaching the Earth's surface, which constitutes a threat to the biosphere, because of UV damaging effects on humans, animals and plants. The international agreements have reduced the production of ozo- destroying compounds, which, however, are still present in high concentrations in the stratosphere, mainly because of their longevity, and thus ozone depletion will likely continue for several decades.

Wide coverage of UV radiation effects on microorganisms, plants, aquatic ecosystems and human health Multidisciplinary approach with contributions from leading experts on biological effects of UV radiation Emphasis on proper quantitative assessment of risk factors and formulation of reliable predictive models

Contenu
Historical Overview of Ozone Trends and Future Scenarios.- Basic Concepts of Radiation.- Solar Radiation and Its Measurement.- Medical and Environmental Effects of UV Radiation.- Quantification of Biological Effectiveness of UV Radiation.- Use and Evaluation of Biological Spectral UV Weighting Functions for the Ozone Reduction Issue.- Response to UV-B Radiation: Weighting Functions and Action Spectra.- Eldonet European Light Dosimeter Network.- Genetic and Molecular Analysis of DNA Damage Repair and Tolerance Pathways.- UV-B and UV-A Radiation Effects on Photosynthesis at the Molecular Level.- Potential Effects of UV-B on Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Productivity of Higher Plants.- Detecting Stress-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants Under UV Stress.- Non-Damaging and Positive Effects of UV Radiation on Higher Plants.- Impact of UV Radiation on the Aquatic Environment.- Underwater Radiation Measurements: Consequences of an Increased UV-B Radiation.- Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters.- Impact of UV Radiation on Rice-Field Cyanobacteria: Role of Photoprotective Compounds.- Effect of UV-B Radiation on Ciliated Protozoa.- UV Radiation, DNA Damage, Mutations and Skin Cancer.- Ultraviolet Radiation and the Eye.- Student Abstracts.