S-duality

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In theoretical physics, S-duality (also a strong-weak duality) is an equivalence of two quantum field theories, string theories, or M-theory. An S-duality transformation maps the states and vacua with coupling constant g in one theory to states and vacua with coupling constant 1 / g in the dual theory. This has permitted the use of perturbation theory, normally useful only for "weakly coupled" theories with g less than 1, to also describe the "strongly coupled" (g greater than 1) regimes of string theory, by mapping them onto dual, weakly coupled regimes. In the case of four-dimensional quantum field theories, S-duality was understood by Ashoke Sen, Nathan Seiberg, and others. In this context, it usually exchanges the electric and magnetic fields (and the electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles). See Montonen-Olive duality, Seiberg duality.