The Third International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality, MIAR 2006, was held in Shanghai, China at the Regal International East Asia Hotel during August 17-18, 2006. The goal of MIAR 2006 was to bring together researchers in medical image computing and intervention to present the state-of-the-art devel- ments in this ever-growing research area. The meeting consisted of a single track of oral/poster presentations, with each session led by an invited lecture from our dist- guished international faculty members. For MIAR 2006, we received 87 full subm- sions, which were subsequently reviewed by up to 5 reviewers, resulting in the acc- tance of 45 full papers included in this volume. For this workshop, we also included four papers from the invited speakers covering shape modeling, fMRI analysis, and study of cerebral connectivity and plasticity. Running such a workshop requires dedication, and we appreciate the commitment of the MIAR 2006 Programme Committee and reviewers who worked to a tight de- line in putting together this workshop. We would also like to thank members of the local Organizing Committee, who have been working so hard behind the scenes to make MIAR 2006 a great success. It was our great pleasure to welcome this year's MIAR attendees to Shanghai, which is the largest base of Chinese industrial technology, an important seaport and China's largest commercial and financial center.

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Invited Contributions.- Statistics of Pose and Shape in Multi-object Complexes Using Principal Geodesic Analysis.- Geodesic Image Normalization and Temporal Parameterization in the Space of Diffeomorphisms.- Connectivity Analysis of Human Functional MRI Data: From Linear to Nonlinear and Static to Dynamic.- Lessons from Brain Mapping in Surgery for Low-Grade Gliomas: Study of Cerebral Connectivity and Plasticity.- Shape Modeling and Morphometry.- Multi-scale Voxel-Based Morphometry Via Weighted Spherical Harmonic Representation.- An Embedding Framework for Myocardial Velocity Processing with MRI.- A Multiscale Morphological Approach to Topology Correction of Cortical Surfaces.- Finding Deformable Shapes by Point Set Matching Through Nonparametric Belief Propagation.- Robust and Accurate Reconstruction of Patient-Specific 3D Surface Models from Sparse Point Sets: A Sequential Three-Stage Trimmed Optimization Approach.- Generalized n-D C k B-Spline Scattered Data Approximation with Confidence Values.- Improved Shape Modeling of Tubular Objects Using Cylindrical Parameterization.- Patient Specific Modeling and Qualification.- Role of 3T High Field BOLD fMRI in Brain Cortical Mapping for Glioma Involving Eloquent Areas.- Noninvasive Temperature Monitoring in a Wide Range Based on Textures of Ultrasound Images.- A Novel Liver Perfusion Analysis Based on Active Contours and Chamfer Matching.- Cerebral Vascular Tree Matching of 3D-RA Data Based on Tree Edit Distance.- Application of SVD-Based Metabolite Quantification Methods in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging.- An Inverse Recovery of Cardiac Electrical Propagation from Image Sequences.- Surgical Simulation and Skills Assessment.- Optical Mapping of the Frontal Cortex During a Surgical Knot-Tying Task, a FeasibilityStudy.- Tracking of Instruments in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Surgical Skill Analysis.- The Effect of Depth Perception on Visual-Motor Compensation in Minimal Invasive Surgery.- Efficient and Accurate Collision Detection Based on Surgery Simulation.- Medical Simulation with Haptic and Graphic Feedback.- Surgical Guidance and Navigation.- Towards a Hybrid Navigation Interface: Comparison of a Slice Based Navigation System with In-Situ Visualization.- Surgical Navigation of Integral Videography Image Overlay for Open MRI-Guided Glioma Surgery.- Automatic Pose Recovery of the Distal Locking Holes from Single Calibrated Fluoroscopic Image for Computer-Assisted Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures.- A Framework for Image-Guided Breast Surgery.- 3D US Imaging System for the Guidance of Uterine Adenoma and Uterine Bleeding RF Ablation.- Image Registration.- A General Learning Framework for Non-rigid Image Registration.- Learning-Based 2D/3D Rigid Registration Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence for Image-Guided Surgery.- Sparse Appearance Model Based Registration of 3D Ultrasound Images.- A Neighborhood Incorporated Method in Image Registration.- Robust Click-Point Linking for Longitudinal Follow-Up Studies.- 3D Gabor Wavelets for Evaluating Medical Image Registration Algorithms.- A Novel 3D Correspondence-Less Method for MRI and Paxinos-Watson Atlas of Rat Brain Registration.- Multi-modality Image Registration Using Gradient Vector Flow Intensity.- Multi-stage Registration for Quantification of Lung Perfusion in Chest CT Images.- PET Image Reconstruction.- List-Mode Affine Rebinning for Respiratory Motion Correction in PET Cardiac Imaging.- Simultaneous Estimation of PET Attenuation and Activity Images with Divided Difference Filters.- Convergent Bayesian Reconstruction for PET Using New MRF Quadratic Membrane-Plate Hybrid Multi-order Prior.- Image Segmentation.- Automatic Segmentation of the Aortic Dissection Membrane from 3D CTA Images.- Inferring Vascular Structures in Coronary Artery X-Ray Angiograms Based on Multi-Feature Fuzzy Recognition Algorithm.- Hierarchical 3D Shape Model for Segmentation of 4D MR Cardiac Images.- An Improved Statistical Approach for Cerebrovascular Tree Extraction.- Segmentation of 3-D MRI Brain Images Using Information Propagation.- Pulsative Flow Segmentation in MRA Image Series by AR Modeling and EM Algorithm.- Abdominal Organ Identification Based on Atlas Registration and Its Application in Fuzzy Connectedness Segmentation.- An Improved 2D Colonic Polyp Segmentation Framework Based on Gradient Vector Flow Deformable Model.- Segmentation for Medical Image Using a Statistical Initial Process and a Level Set Method.- Leukocyte Detection Using Nucleus Contour Propagation.