Bioenergy

The search for altenative, renewable sources of fuel and energy from plants, algae, and waste materials has catalyzed in recent years. With the growing interest in bioenergy development and production there has been increasing demand for a broad ranging introductory text in the field. Bioenergy: Principles and Practices provides an invaluable introduction to the fundamentals of bioenergy feedstocks, processing, and industry. Bioenergy provides readers with an understanding of foundational information on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels. Coverage spans from feedstock production of key energy sources such as grasses, canes, and woody plants through chemical conversion processes and industrial application. Each chapter provides a thorough description of fundamental concepts, definitions of key terms, case studies and practical examples and exercises. Bioenergy: Principles and Practices will be an essential resource for students, bioengineers, chemists, and industry personnel tying key concepts of bioenergy science to valuable real world application.

Auteur

YEBO LI is a Professor in the Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering at the Ohio State University. SAMIR KUMAR KHANAL is an Associate Professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa.

Texte du rabat
BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS With growing concerns over climate change and energy insecurity coupled with dwindling reserves of fossil energy resources, there is a growing search for alternative, renewable energy resources. Energy derived from renewable bioresources such as biomass (energy crops, agri- and forest residues, algae, and biowastes) has received significant attention in recent years. With the growing interest in bioenergy, there has been increasing demand for a broad-ranging, introductory textbook that provides an essential overview of this very subject to students in the field. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications offers an invaluable introduction to both fundamental and applied aspects of bioenergy feedstocks and their processing, as well as lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and policies as applied to bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications provides readers with foundational information on first-, second-, and third-generation bioenergy, ranging from plant structure, carbohydrate chemistry, mass and energy balance, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics to feedstock production, logistics, conversion technologies, biorefinery, lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and government policies. This textbook gives students and professionals an incomparable overview of the rapidly growing field of bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications will be an essential resource for students, engineers, researchers, and industry personnel interested in, and working in, the bioenergy field.

Résumé
BIOENERGY:
PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS With growing concerns over climate change and energy insecurity coupled with dwindling reserves of fossil energy resources, there is a growing search for alternative, renewable energy resources. Energy derived from renewable bioresources such as biomass (energy crops, agri- and forest residues, algae, and biowastes) has received significant attention in recent years. With the growing interest in bioenergy, there has been increasing demand for a broad-ranging, introductory textbook that provides an essential overview of this very subject to students in the field. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications offers an invaluable introduction to both fundamental and applied aspects of bioenergy feedstocks and their processing, as well as lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and policies as applied to bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications provides readers with foundational information on first-, second-, and third-generation bioenergy, ranging from plant structure, carbohydrate chemistry, mass and energy balance, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics to feedstock production, logistics, conversion technologies, biorefinery, lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and government policies. This textbook gives students and professionals an incomparable overview of the rapidly growing field of bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications will be an essential resource for students, engineers, researchers, and industry personnel interested in, and working in, the bioenergy field.

Contenu
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xix

PREFACE xxiii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv

ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xxvii

SECTION I BIOENERGY FUNDAMENTALS 1

**1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGY 3
**Samir Kumar Khanal and Yebo Li

1.1 Energy 3

1.2 Non-renewable Energy 5

1.3 Renewable Energy 10

1.4 Why Renewable Energy? 11

1.5 Bioenergy 13

References 17

Exercise Problems 18

**2 UNITS AND CONVERSIONS 19
**Samir Kumar Khanal

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Units of Measurement 19

2.3 Useful Units and Conversions 21

2.4 Energy and Heat 25

2.5 VolumeMass Relationship 29

2.6 Ideal Gas Law 29

2.7 Henry's Law 30

References and Further Reading 32

Exercise Problems 32

**3 MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES 33
**Devin Takara and Samir Kumar Khanal

3.1 Introduction 33

3.2 Mass Balances 33

3.3 Enthalpy 35

3.4 Energy Balances 36

References and Further Reading 39

Exercise Problems 39

**4 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF BASIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 42
**Devin Takara and Samir Kumar Khanal

4.1 Introduction 42

4.2 Reaction Thermodynamics 43

4.3 Reaction Kinetics 46

References and Further Reading 48

Exercise Problems 48

**5 ORGANIC AND CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 50
**Xiaolan Luo and Yebo Li

5.1 Introduction 50

5.2 Structural Formulas and Classification of Organic Compounds 51

5.3 Aliphatic Compounds 52

5.4 Aromatic Compounds 61

5.5 Heterocyclic Compounds 62

5.6 Carbohydrates 63

5.7 Proteins and Lipids 66

References and Further Reading 69

Exercise Problems 70

**6 PLANT STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 71
**Samir Kumar Khanal Saoharit Nitayavardhana and Rakshit Devappa

6.1 Introduction 71

6.2 Carbohydrates and Their Classification 72

6.3 Main Constituents of Plant Biomass 73

6.4 Plant Cell Wall Architecture 80

References 85

Exercise Problems 86

**7 MICROBIAL METABOLISMS 88
**Arul M. Varman Lian He and Yinjie J. Tang

7.1 Introduction 88

7.2 Carbon Metabolisms 89

7.3 Metabolic Models 93

References 104

Exercise Problems 105

Appendix 7.1 Code Useful for Example 7.2 105

SECTION II BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCKS 107

**8 STARCH-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 109
**Xumeng Ge and Yebo Li

8.1 Introduction 109

8.2 Corn 110

8.3 Sweet Potato 116

8.4 Cassava 120

8.5 Comparison of Composition Yield and Energy Potential of Corn Sweet Potato and Cassava 124

References 125

Exercise Problems 126

**9 OILSEED-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 127
**Chengci Chen and Marisol Berti

9.1 Introduction 127

9.2 Soybean 128

9.3 Rapeseed and Canola 132

9.4 Oil Palm 135

9.5 Jatropha 136

9.6 Camelina 138

9.7 Yield and Oil Content of Major Oilseed Feedstocks 139

References 140

Exercise Problems 142

**10 LIGNOCELLULOSE-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 143
**Sudhagar Mani

10.1 Introduction 143

10.2 Feedstock Availability and Production 144

10.3 Feedstock Logistics 151

References 167

Exercise Problems 168

**11 ALGAE-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 170
**Xumeng Ge Johnathon P. Sheets Yebo Li and Sudhagar Mani

11.1 Introduction 170 11.2 Algae Classificatio...