Wear

Tribology is emerging from the realm of steam engines and
crank-case lubricants and becoming key to vital new technologies
such as nanotechnology and MEMS. Wear is an integral part of
tribology, and an effective understanding and appreciation of wear
is essential in order to achieve the reliable and efficient
operation of almost any machine or device. Knowledge in the field
has increased considerably over recent years, and continues to
expand: this book is intended to stimulate its readers to
contribute towards the progress of this fascinating subject that
relates to most of the known disciplines in physical science.

Wear - Materials, Mechanisms and Practice provides
the reader with a unique insight into our current understanding of
wear, based on the contributions of numerous internationally
acclaimed specialists in the field.

• Offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge in the field
  of wear.

• Discusses latest topics in wear mechanism classification.

• Includes coverage of a wide variety of materials such as
  metals, polymers, polymer composites, diamonds, and diamond-like
  films and ceramics.

• Discusses the chemo-mechanical linkages that control tribology,
  providing a more complete treatment of the subject than just the
  conventional mechanical treatments.

• Illustrated throughout with carefully compiled diagrams that
  provide a unique insight into the controlling mechanisms of
  tribology.

The state of the art research on wear and the mechanisms of wear
featured will be of interest to post-graduate students and
lecturers in engineering, materials science and chemistry. The
practical applications discussed will appeal to practitioners
across virtually all sectors of engineering and industry including
electronic, mechanical and electrical, quality and reliability and
design.

Auteur
Gwidon Stachowiak is Professor and Head of the Tribology Laboratory in the School of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Western Australia. He has published more than 130 journal papers and 90 conference papers. He has written/ contributed to several books, including Engineering Tribology (Elsevier, 1993) that is due for a 3rd edition in 2005 and which is considered to be the best book available in the field of tribology. His most recent title is Experimental Methods in Tribology, (Elsevier 2004). He serves on the advisory board for the Elsevier Tribology and Interface Engineering Book Series, and on the editorial board of 7 different journals.

Texte du rabat
Tribology is emerging from the realm of steam engines and crank-case lubricants and becoming key to vital new technologies such as nanotechnology and MEMS. Wear is an integral part of tribology, and an effective understanding and appreciation of wear is essential in order to achieve the reliable and efficient operation of almost any machine or device. Knowledge in the field has increased considerably over recent years, and continues to expand: this book is intended to stimulate its readers to contribute towards the progress of this fascinating subject that relates to most of the known disciplines in physical science. Wear Materials, Mechanisms and Practice provides the reader with a unique insight into our current understanding of wear, based on the contributions of numerous internationally acclaimed specialists in the field.

• Offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge in the field of wear.
• Discusses latest topics in wear mechanism classification.
• Includes coverage of a wide variety of materials such as metals, polymers, polymer composites, diamonds, and diamond-like films and ceramics.
• Discusses the chemo-mechanical linkages that control tribology, providing a more complete treatment of the subject than just the conventional mechanical treatments.
• Illustrated throughout with carefully compiled diagrams that provide a unique insight into the controlling mechanisms of tribology.
  The state of the art research on wear and the mechanisms of wear featured will be of interest to post-graduate students and lecturers in engineering, materials science and chemistry. The practical applications discussed will appeal to practitioners across virtually all sectors of engineering and industry including electronic, mechanical and electrical, quality and reliability and design.

Contenu

List of Contributors xiii

Series Editors' Foreword xvii

Preface xix

1 The Challenge of Wear 1
I.M. Hutchings

Abstract 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Definitions and Development of Wear Studies 1

1.3 Scope and Challenges 2

1.4 Conclusions 6

References 6

2 Classification of Wear Mechanisms/Models 9
K. Kato

Abstract 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Classification of Wear Mechanisms and Wear Modes 10

2.2.1 Mechanical, Chemical and Thermal Wear 10

2.2.2 Wear Modes: Abrasive, Adhesive, Flow and Fatigue Wear 11

2.2.3 Corrosive Wear 14

2.2.4 Melt and Diffusive Wear 15

2.3 General Discussion of Wear Mechanisms and Their Models 15

2.3.1 Material Dependence 15

2.3.2 Wear Maps 16

2.3.3 Wear Mode Transition 17

2.3.4 Erosion 17

2.4 Conclusion 18

Acknowledgements 18

References 18

3 Wear of Metals: A Material Approach 21
S.K. Biswas

Abstract 21

3.1 Introduction 21

3.2 Mild Wear and Transition to Severe Wear 22

3.2.1 Mild Wear 22

3.2.2 Transition to Severe Wear 23

3.3 Strain Rate Estimates and Bulk Surface Temperature 27

3.3.1 Strain Rate Response Maps 28

3.3.2 Bulk Surface Temperature 30

3.3.3 The Phenomenological Argument 30

3.3.4 Micrographic Observations 31

3.4 Summary 34

3.4.1 Homogeneous Deformation Severe Wear 34

3.4.2 Homogeneous Deformation Mild Wear 35

3.4.3 Inhomogeneous Deformation Severe Wear 35

Acknowledgements 35

References 35

4 Boundary Lubricated Wear 37
S.M. Hsu, R.G. Munro, M.C. Shen, and R.S. Gates

Abstract 37

4.1 Introduction 37

4.2 Lubricated Wear Classification 38

4.3 Lubricated Wear Versus Dry Wear 38

4.4 Wear Measurement in Well-Lubricated Systems 42

4.5 Measurement Procedures 44

4.5.1 Run-In Process 46

4.5.2 General Performance Wear Test (GPT) 49

4.5.3 Enhanced Oxidation Wear Test (EOT) 52

4.5.4 Boundary Film Persistence Test (BFPT) 53

4.5.5 Case Study with GPT and BFPT 55

4.5.6 Boundary Film Failure Test (BFFT) 57

4.6 Wear Mechanisms Under Lubricated Conditions 61

4.7 Modeling of Lubricated Wear 65

4.7.1 Wear 65

4.7.2 Contact Area 65

4.7.3 Rheology 66

4.7.4 Film Thickness 67

4.7.5 Contact Stress 67

4.7.6 Flash Temperatures 67

4.8 Summary 68

Acknowledgments 69

References 69

5 Wear and Chemistry of Lubricants 71
A. Neville and A. Morina

5.1 Encountering Wear in Tribological Contacts 71

5.2 Lubricant Formulations Drivers for Change 73

5.3 Tribochemistry and Wear 76

5.4 Antiwear Additive Technologies 77

5.4.1 Antiwear Technologies 77

5.4.2 ZDDP Antiwear Mechanism 78

5.4.3 Interaction of ZDDP with Other Additives 83

5.4.4 New Antiwear Additive Technologies 87

5.5 Extreme Pressure Additives 88

5.6 Lubricating Non-Fe Materials 89

References 90

6 Surface Chemistry in Tribology 95
A.J. Gellman and N.D. Spencer

Abstract 95

6.1 Introduction 95

6.2 Boundary Lubrication and Oiliness Additives 95

6.2.1 Introduction 95

6.2.2 Monolayers, Multilayers and Soaps 96

6.2.3 Viscous Near-Surface Layers 102

6.2.4 Boundary Lubrication in Natural Joints 102

6.2.5 Summary 103

6.3 Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate 103

6.3.1 Background 103 6.3.2 Analyti...