Vectors of Plant Pathogens

Vectors of Plant Pathogens is a collection of papers that discusses the interrelationship of plant pathogens with their vectors. This collection deals with the numerous vector groups associated with plant pathogens. One paper describes the biology, feeding behavior and distribution of aphids, leafhoppers, plant hoppers, mealy bugs, whiteflies, psyllids, membracids. Another paper addresses the virus transmission characteristics of the mealy bugs during preliminary fasting or feeding, acquisition access time, post-acquisition fasting or feeding, and the inoculation access time. Other papers also discuss the involvement of insects in transmitting bacterial and fungal pathogens; the authors list unresolved issues such as the role of insects in overwintering of bacterial pathogens or the association of the fungus with a particular vector. One author describes some suspected fungi transmission such as the pea stem necrosis virus, red clover necrotic mosaic virus, and the tomato bushy stunt virus. Another paper examines the fate of plant viruses in mite vectors and convectors particularly the viruses found in wheat, barley, or brome grass. Agriculturists, botanists, and researchers in the field of botany, conservation, and plant genealogy will find this book useful.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Aphids, Leafhoppers, and Planthoppers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aphids
1.3 Leafhoppers
1.4 Planthoppers
1.5 Conclusion
1.6 References
Chapter 2. Mealybugs
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Transmission Characteristics
2.3 References
Chapter 3. Whiteflies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Whitefly Vectors
3.3 Yellow Mosaic Diseases
3.4 Yellow Vein Mosaic Diseases
3.5 Leaf Curl Diseases
3.6 Mosaic Diseases
3.7 Suspected Whitefly Transmitted Diseases
3.8 Discussion and Conclusions
3.9 Acknowledgments
3.10 References
Chapter 4. Psyllids
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pear Decline
4.3 Greening Disease of Citrus
4.4 Proliferation Disease of Carrots
4.5 References
Chapter 5. Membracids
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Symptomatology of Pseudo-Curly Top (PCT) Disease
5.3 Transmission of PCT Agent
5.4 Life History of the Treehopper Vector
5.5 Epidemiology
5.6 Nature of the PCT Agent
5.7 Relationship of PCT to Other Curly Top Diseases
5.8 References
Chapter 6. Piesmids
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Piesma quadratum (Fieb.) and the Beet Leafcurl Virus
6.3 Piesma quadratum (Fieb.) and Beet Latent Rosette Disease
6.4 Piesma cinereum (Say) and Sugarbeet Savoy Virus
6.5 References
Chapter 7. Beetles
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Viruses
7.3 The Beetles
7.4 Beetle Vectoring of Viruses
7.5 Association of Virus with Beetles
7.6 Speculation on Mechanisms of Transmission
7.7 Acknowledgment
7.8 References
Chapter 8. Bark Beetles, Ceratocystis ulmi and Dutch Elm Disease
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Transmission
8.3 Elm Bark Beetle Characteristics: Contrasting Scolytus multistriatus and Hylorgopinus Rufìpes
8.4 Disease Control by Insect Control
8.5 Closing Remarks
8.6 Acknowledgments
8.7 References
Chapter 9 Thrips
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Thrips and Gall Formation
9.3 Thrips as Vectors of Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Pathogens
9.4 Acknowledgment
9.5 References
Chapter 10. Flies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Diptera as Vectors of Disease Agents
10.3 Biology of Liriomyza Flies
10.4 Mode of Transmission and Natural Spread
10.5 References
Chapter 11. Lethal Yellowing of Coconut Palm: Search for a Vector
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Patterns of Spread
11.3 Symptomatology
11.4 Causal Agent
11.5 Historical Perspectives in the Search for a Vectors) of Lethal Yellowing Agent
11.6 Vector Research in the United States
11.7 Attempts to Mechanically Transmit LY Agent
11.8 Determination of Incubation Period in Palm
11.9 Attempts to Culture Coconut Embryo and Tissue In Vitro
11.10 Discussion
11.11 Acknowledgments
11.12 References
Chapter 12. Insect Involvement in the Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Insect Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens
12.3 Summary
12.4 Acknowledgments
12.5 References
Chapter 13. Insect Involvement in the Transmission of Fungal Pathogens
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungal Plant Pathogens in the Soil
13.3 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungi Affecting Stalks, Stems, Trunks, and Branches
13.4 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungi Causing Foliar Diseases
13.5 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungal Diseases Affecting Buds and Blossoms
13.6 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungal Diseases Affecting Fruits or Seeds in the Field
13.7 Role of Insects in the Transmission of Fungal Diseases Affecting Fruits or Seeds After Harvest
13.8 Concluding Remarks
13.9 References
Chapter 14. Mites
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Characteristics of the Eriophyids
14.3 Vectors of Agents that Cause Diseases of Monocots
14.4 Vectors of Agents that Cause Diseases of Dicots
14.5 Diseases Probably Caused by Mites without an Infectious Agent
14.6 Doubtful or Erroneous Reports of Mite Transmission
14.7 Disease Agents Suspected to be Transmitted by Eriophyid Mites
14.8 Conclusions
14.9 Acknowledgments
14.10 References
Chapter 15. Fate of Plant Viruses in Mite Vectors and Non Vectors
15.1 Introduction
15.2 General Characteristics and Anatomical Features of Eriophyid Mites
15.3 Behavior of Viruses in Their Eriophyid Vectors
15.4 Behavior of Viruses in Nonvector Eriophyids
15.5 Viruses in Tetranychid Mites
15.6 Mechanisms of Virus Transmission
15.7 References
Chapter 16. Nematodes
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Viruses and Diseases
16.3 Nematode Vectors
16.4 Virus Transmission Characteristics and Mechanisms
16.5 Control
16.6 References
Chapter 17. Fungi
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Vectors
17.3 Viruses
17.4 Virus-Vector Relationships
17.5 Suspected Fungus Transmission
17.6 Concluding Remarks
17.7 Acknowledgments
17.8 References
Index