Fundamentals of Polymer Science for Engineers

Dieses Lehrbuch füllt eine Lücke und ist eine prägnante, gründliche Einführung in die Polymerwissenschaften für Studenten der Ingenieurwissenschaften in höheren Semestern sowie für Praktiker. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den chemischen und physikalischen Aspekten sowie auf Aspekten der Materialwissenschaften, die für ingenieurtechnische Anwendungen von hoher Relevanz sind.
Nach Erläuterungen zur Polymersynthese und den zugehörigen Eigenschaften beschäftigt sich das Buch überwiegend mit polymeren Werkstoffen wie thermoplastischen Kunststoffen und Polymerverbundwerkstoffen, der Polymerverarbeitung, z. B. Spritzguss- und Extrusionsverfahren, und Methoden zur Charakterisierung von Polymeren in großem Umfang. Das Buch schließt mit einem Überblick über technische Kunststoffe. Der Schwerpunkt liegt durchgängig auf anwendungsrelevanten Themen und der Autor konzentriert sich auf polymere Werkstoffe, die in der Praxis für die Industrie relevant sind.

Auteur

*Stoyko Fakirov is currently visiting professor in the Centre for Advanced Composite Materials at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He studied chemistry at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and received his PhD from the Lomonossov State University in Moscow. Stoyko Fakirov is member of the editorial board of 12 international journals on polymers and advanced materials. He has published more than 300 peer-reviewed papers, edited or co-edited and always contributed to 15 books on polymer science and holds nine US patents.*

Résumé
Fundamentals of Polymer Science for Engineers Filling a gap in the market, this textbook provides a concise, yet thorough introduction to polymer science for advanced engineering students and practitioners, focusing on the chemical, physical and materials science aspects that are most relevant for engineering applications. After covering polymer synthesis and properties, the major section of the book is devoted to polymeric materials, such as thermoplastics and polymer composites, polymer processing such as injection molding and extrusion, and methods for large-scale polymer characterization. The text concludes with an overview of engineering plastics. The emphasis throughout is on application-relevant topics, and the author focuses on real-life, industry-relevant polymeric materials.

Contenu
Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Part One Introduction 1

1 Introduction 3

1.1 Milestones in the Development of Polymer Science 3

1.2 Basic Terms and Denitions in Polymer Science 11

1.2.1 Polymer 11

1.2.2 Monomer 12

1.2.3 End Groups 13

1.2.4 Degree of Polymerization 13

1.2.5 Copolymers 13

1.2.6 Average Molecular Weights and Distributions 14

1.2.7 Molecular Weight and Molar Mass 16

1.2.8 Polymer Morphology 17

1.2.9 Thermoplastics 17

1.2.10 Elastomers 18

1.2.11 Plastics 19

1.2.12 Thermosetting Resin 19

1.2.13 Polymer Blends 19

1.2.14 Tacticity 20

1.2.15 Polymerization and Functionality 20

1.2.16 Polymerization Processes 20

1.2.17 Addition or Chain Polymerization 21

1.2.18 Step Polymerization 23

1.2.19 Molecular Architecture 27

1.2.20 Phase 27

1.3 Bonding Opportunities in Chemistry 31

1.3.1 Primary Bonds 31

1.3.2 Typical Primary Bond Distances and Energies 32

1.3.3 Secondary Bond Forces 32

1.3.3.1 Dipole Forces 33

1.3.3.2 Hydrogen Bonds 33

1.3.3.3 Interrelation of Intermolecular Forces 34 General Encyclopedias and Dictionaries 36 References and Literature Recommendations 36

Part Two Physical Properties of Polymers 41

2 Flexibility of Polymer Chains and Its Origin 43

2.1 Conformational Stereoisomerism of Macromolecules 43

2.2 Conformational Statistics of Chain Models 49

2.3 Types of Flexibility and Their Quantitative Treatment 53

3 Amorphous State of Polymers 59

3.1 Characterization of State of Matter 59

3.2 State of Matter and Phase Transitions of Condensed Substances. Glass Transition 61

3.3 Deformation of Polymers. Three Deformational (Relaxational) States of Polymers 64

3.4 Relaxation Phenomena 71

3.4.1 Relaxation Phenomena in Low Molecular Weight Substances 71

3.4.2 Relaxation Phenomena in High Molecular Weight Substances 72

3.4.3 TimeTemperature Superposition (WLF Equation) 77

3.5 Glassy State of Polymers 79

3.5.1 Dependence of Glass Transition Temperature on Chemical Composition and Structure of the Polymer 79

3.5.2 Peculiarities of Polymer Glasses 83

3.6 High Elastic State of Polymers 85

3.6.1 Molecular Kinetic Interpretation of High Elasticity 86

3.6.2 Thermodynamic Interpretation of High Elasticity 87

3.7 Viscous Liquid State of Polymers 88

3.7.1 Molecular Mechanism of Flow. Rheology of Molten Polymers 88

3.7.2 Mechanical Glassifying of Polymer Melts. Importance of Viscous Liquid State for Polymer Processing 91

3.8 Mechanical Models of Linear Polymers 93

3.9 Structure and Morphology of Amorphous Polymers, Polymer Melts, and Solutions 95

3.10 Liquid Crystalline Polymers 98

References 101

4 Crystalline Polymers 103

4.1 Peculiarities of Crystalline Polymers. Degree of Crystallinity 103

4.2 Prerequisites for Polymer Crystallization 106

4.3 Kinetics and Mechanisms of Crystallization 112

4.3.1 Thermodynamics of Nuclei Formation 112

4.3.2 Nuclei Formation in Polymer Systems 113

4.3.3 Dependence of the Rate of Nuclei Formation on Temperature 114

4.4 Growth of Nuclei (Crystals) 116

4.4.1 Crystal Growth Theories 116

4.4.2 Dependence of Crystal Growth Rate on Temperature 118

4.5 Total Crystallization Rate 119

4.5.1 Mathematical Description of Phase Transition Kinetics 119

4.5.2 Basic Factors of the Total Crystallization Rate of Polymers 121

4.6 Melting and Recrystallization 124

4.6.1 Melting and Partial Melting 124

4.6.2 Thermodynamic Description of Melting Process and Melting Interval 125

4.6.3 Recrystallization 126 4.7 Morphology and Molecular Structure of Crystalline Po...