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Examines in a pedagogical way all pertinent molecular and macroscopic processes that govern the distribution and fate of organic chemicals in the environment and provides simple modeling tools to quantitatively describe these processes and their interplay in a given environmental system
Treats fundamental aspects of chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling as applied to environmentally relevant problems, and gives a state of the art account of the field
Teaches the reader how to relate the structure of a given chemical to its physical chemical properties and intrinsic reactivities
Provides a holistic and teachable treatment of phase partitioning and transformation processes, as well as a more focused and tailor-made presentation of physical, mathematical, and modeling aspects that apply to environmental situations of concern
Includes a large number of questions and problems allowing teachers to explore the depth of understanding of their students or allowing individuals who use the book for self-study to check their progress
Provides a companion website, which includes solutions for all problems as well as a large compilation of physical constants and compound properties
Auteur
René P. Schwarzenbach, PhD, is a Professor em. of Environmental Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland.
Philip M. Gschwend, PhD, is Full Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Dieter M. Imboden, PhD, is a Professor em. of Environmental Physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland.
Texte du rabat
A Completely Revised and Updated Edition of the Authorative Text in Environmental Organic Chemistry
Environmental Organic Chemistry, Third Edition focuses on the molecular processes and macroscopic transport phenomena that determine the spatiotemporal distributions of organic chemicals released into the environment; this knowledge is then applied to quantitatively assess the fates of those chemicals in natural and engineered systems.
Long established as the discipline's authoritative text, the third edition of Environmental Organic Chemistry significantly revises, regroups, and expands the contents of its predecessor along with a complete account of the state of the art of the field. By explaining in a pedagogical way how to relate the structure of a given chemical to its physical chemical properties and intrinsic reactivities, by providing the necessary background knowledge on the chemistry and physics of microscopic and macroscopic environmental systems, and by introducing simple modeling approaches, the reader is able to quantify phase transfers, transformations, and transport processes at each level. Compared to the 2nd edition, the 3rd edition provides a more holistic and teachable description of partitioning and transformation processes, as well as a more focused and tailor-made presentation of physical and mathematical modeling aspects. Divided into six main parts, Environmental Organic Chemistry, Third Edition features:
Contenu
Preface xiii
About the Companion Website xvii
1 General Topic and Overview 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Assessing Organic Chemicals in the Environment 4
1.3 What is This Book All About? 7
1.4 Bibliography 14
Part I Background Knowledge 17
2 Background Knowledge on Organic Chemicals 19
2.1 The Makeup of Organic Compounds 20
2.2 Intermolecular Forces Between Uncharged Molecules 37
2.3 Questions and Problems 40
2.4 Bibliography 43
3 The Amazing World of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals 45
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 A Lasting Global Problem: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 47
3.3 Natural but Nevertheless Problematic: Petroleum Hydrocarbons 48
3.4 Notorious Air and Groundwater Pollutants: Organic Solvents 53
3.5 Safety First: Flame Retardants All Around Us 56
3.6 How to Make Materials Repellent: Polyfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) 58
3.7 From Washing Machines to Surface Waters: Complexing Agents, Surfactants, Whitening Agents, and Corrosion Inhibitors 60
3.8 Health, Well-Being, and Water Pollution: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products 63
3.9 Fighting Pests: Herbicides, Insecticides, and Fungicides 65
3.10 Our Companion Compounds: Representative Model Chemicals 69
3.11 Questions 72
3.12 Bibliography 73
4 Background Thermodynamics, Equilibrium Partitioning and Acidity Constants 81
4.1 Important Thermodynamic Functions 83
4.2 Using Thermodynamic Functions to Quantify Equilibrium Partitioning 89
4.3 Organic Acids and Bases I: Acidity Constant and Speciation in Natural Waters 98
4.4 Organic Acids and Bases II: Chemical Structure and Acidity Constant 107
4.5 Questions and Problems 116
4.6 Bibliography 119
5 Earth Systems and ComPartments 121
5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 The Atmosphere 125
5.3 Surface Waters and Sediments 131
5.4 Soil and Groundwater 148
5.5 Biota 154
5.6 Questions 155
5.7 Bibliography 158
6 Environmental Systems: Physical Processes and Mathematical Modeling 165
6.1 Systems and Models 167
6.2 Box Models: A Concept for a Simple World 174
6.3 When Space Matters: Transport Processes 191
6.4 Models in Space and Time 196
6.5 Questions and Problems 203
6.6 Bibliography 211
Part II Equilibrium Partitioning in Well-Defined Systems 213
7 Partitioning Between Bulk Phases: General Aspects and Modeling Approaches 215
7.1 Introduction 216
7.2 Molecular Interactions Governing Bulk Phase Partitioning of Organic Chemicals 217
7.3 Quantitative Approaches to Estimate Bulk Phase Partition Constants/Coefficients: Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) 225
7.4 Questions 232
7.5 Bibliography 234
8 Vapor Pressure (pi) 237
8.1 Introduction and Theoretical Background 238
8.2 Molecular Interactions Governing Vapor Pressure and Vapor Pressure Estimation Methods 246
8.3 Questions and Problems 253
8.4 Bibliography 257
9 Solubility (Csati*w ) and Activity Coefficient (𝜸sati*w ) in Water; AirWater Partition Constant (*Ki*aw) 259
9.1…