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Classic study presents a single theory of light, integrating two theories previously thought to be irreconcilable: the wave and quantum theories. Aimed at students with an intermediate-level knowledge of physics.
Contenu
CHAPTER I HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Scientific Picture
1.6. Light in Relation to Biological Science
1.9. Ligh in Relation to Physical Science
1.10. Waves or Corpuscles
1.11. Rays of Light
1.12. Interference
1.13. Development of the Wave Theory
1.14. Electromagnetic Theory
1.15. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
1.16. Photons
1.17. Relativity Theory
1.18. Modern Quantum Theory
EXAMPLES [1(i)-l(vi)]
CHAPTER II WAVE THEORY-INTRODUCTION
2.1. Fundamental Ideas
2.3. The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
2.4. Experimental Observations
2.5. Equations of Motion
EXAMPLES [2(i)-2(vi)]
EXAMPLES [2(vii) and 2(viii)]
2.8. Vector Representation of Simple Harmonic Motion
2.9. Equation of Propagation-One Dimension
2.11. Wavelength and Wavelength Constant
2.12. Phase
EXAMPLES [2(ix)-2(xi)]
2.13. Propagation of Waves in Three Dimensions
2.14. Plane Waves
2.15. The Wave Equation
EXAMPLES [ 2(xii)-2(xv)]
2.16. The Velocity of Propagation
2.17. Waves on a Rod
2.18. Transport of Energy and Momentum
2.20. Spherical Waves-Inverse Square Law
2.21. Photometry-Definitions
2.22. Doppler-Fizeau Principle
2.26. Representation of Wave Motion by Complex Quantities
EXAMPLES [2(xvi)-2(xviii)]
REFERENCES
CHAPTER III WAVE THEORY-COMBINATION OF WAVE MOTIONS
3.1. Principle of Superposition
3.3. Addition of Simple Harmonic Motions
3.4. Algebraic Method
3.5. Vector Method
EXAMPLES [3(i)-3(vi)]
3.8. Huygens' Principle
3.11. Reflection and Refraction at Plane Surfaces
3.13. Wave Theory of Reflection and Refraction
3.14. Reflection and Refraction at Spherical Surfaces: Mirrors and Lenses
EXAMPLES [3(vii)-3(viii)]
3.17. Dispersion
3.20. Stationary Waves
3.22. Wiener's Experiment
3.26. Coefficient of Reflection-Normal Incidence
3.30. Optical Path Differnce
3.31. Corpuscular Theory of Reflection and Refraction
EXAMPLES [3(ix)-3(xv)]
CHAPTER IV REPRESENTATION OF LIGHT BY WAVE TRAINS OF FINITE LENGTH
4.1. Sources of Light. Types of Spectra
4.2. Line Spectra and Continuous Spectra
4.3. Band Spectra
4.4. Infra-red and Ultra-violet Spectra
4.5. Absorption Spectra
4.6. Atomic Oscillators
4.8. The Michelson Interferometer
4.10. Visibility of the Fringes
4.15. Waves of Irregular Profile
4.17. Fourier's Series
4.19. Fourier's Integral
4.21. The Gaussian Wave Group
4.25. Width of Spectral Lines
4.28. Propagation of a Wave Group in a Dispersive Medium
4.29. Group Velocity
4.32. Representation of Light by Wave Groups
4.33. White Light
EXAMPLES [4(i)-4(ix)]
REFERENCES
APPENDIX IV A-Adjustment of the Michelson Interferometer
APPENDIX IV B-Fourier Series and Fourier's Integral Theorem
Analysis of a sharply limited Wave Train
Profile for sharply limited Wave Band
Distribution of Energy for a Damped Harmonic Wave
The Gaussian Wave Group
Progress of the Wave Group in a Dispersive Medium
CHAPTER V INTERFERENCE
5.1. Law of Photometric Summation
5.3. Coherent and Non-coherent Beams of Light
5.5. Formation of Interference Fringes
5.7. Interference between Two Sources Side by Side
5.12. Interference produced by Thin Films
5.14. Visibility of the Fringes
5.16. Fringes as Loci of Constant Path Difference
5.17. Fringes of Constant Inclination
5.18. Fringes of Constant Optical Thickness
5.19. Newton's Rings
EXAMPLES [5(i)-5(ix)]
5.20. Localization of Interference Fringes
5.22. Non-reflecting Films
5.24. High-efficiency Reflecting Films
EXAMPLES [5(x)-5(xii)]
5.26. Interference with Multiple Beams
5.29. Fabry-Pérot Interferometer
5.30. Lummer-Gehrcke Plate
5.31. Edser-Butler Method of Calibrating a Spectrograph
EXAMPLES [5(xiii)-5(xvi)]
5.32. Fringes of Superposition
5.34. Achromatic Fringes
5.36. Achromatic Systems of Fringes
5.40. Interference Filters
EXAMPLES [5(xvii)-5(xix)]
REFERENCES
CHAPTER VI DIFFRACTION
6.1 General Character of the Observations
6.3. Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction
6.5. Theory of Diffraction. The General Problem
6.10. Extension of the Concept of a Wave Group
6.12. Beam of Finite Width-One Dimension
6.13. St. Venant's Hypothesis
6.14. Beam restricted in Two Dimensions
6.15. Diffraction at a Rectangular Aperture
6.16. Diffraction at a Circular Aperture
6.17. Diffraction with a Slit Source
6.18. Diffraction by a Number of Similar Apertures
6.21. Babinet's Theorem
6.22. Diffraction by a Number of Circular Apertures or Obstacles
6.23. Young's Eriometer
6.24. Diffraction by Reflecting Screens
6.25. Diffraction by a Screen not Coincident with a Wave Surface
6.26. "Laws of Rectilinear Propagation, Reflection and Refraction"
6.27. Diffraction Gratings
6.28. The Functions f(U) and F(NW)
6.30. Distribution of Light among the Principal Maxima
6.31. Diffraction Grating Spectra
6.32. Overlapping of Orders
6.33. Gratings Ruled on Glass or Metal
6.36. Echelette Gratings
6.39. The Michelson Echelon Grating
6.40. The Michelson-Williams Reflecting Echelon
6.41. Theory of the Reflecting Echelon
EXAMPLES [6(i)-6(x)]
REFERENCES
APPENDIX VI A-Kirchhoff's Diffraction Formula
APPENDIX VI B-The Concave Grating
CHAPTER VII HUYGEN'S PRINCIPLE AND FERMAT'S PRINCIPLE
7.1. Development of Huygens' Principle
7.2. Fresnel's Method
EXAMPLES [7(i)-7(iv)]
7.5. Kirchhoff's Analysis
7.6. Elimination of the Reverse Wave
7.7. Diffraction at a Circular Apterture
7.8. Diffraction by a Circular Obstacle
EXAMPLES [7(v)-7(viii)]
7.11. The Zone Plate
7.15. Fresnel's Integrals
7.17. Cornu's Spiral
7.21. Diffraction at a Straight Edge
7.22. Rectilinear Propagation
7.23. Fermat's Principle
7.26. Guoy's Experiment
7.27. Relation between Wave and Ray Optics
7.28. Ray and Wave Normals
7.29. Rays in Relation to Wave Groups
7.30. Fermat's Principle as a General Statement of the Laws of Ray Optics
EXAMPLES [7(ix)-7(xvii)]
REFERENCES
CHAPTER VIII THE ACCURACY OF OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
8.1. Imperfections in Images due to Diffraction
8.2. The Rayleigh Criterion
8.5. Limit of Resolution for a Telescope
EXAMPLES [8(i)-8(iii)]
8.7. Limit of Resolution for the Eye
8.8. Useful and Empty Magnification
8.9. Resolving Power of a Prism Spectroscope
8.10. Resolving Power of a Grating Spectroscope
8.12. The Rayleigh Limit of Aberration
8.13. Accuracy of Measurements with Mirror and Scale
EXAMPLES [8(iv)-8(xi)]
8.14. Development of the Theory of Resolving Power
8.18. Resolving Power of the Fabry-Pérot Etalon
8.19. Resolving Power of a Microscope
8.20. Resolution with Non-coherent Illumination
8.21. Abbe Theory of Resolution with Coherent Illumination
8.26. Representation of Detail in an Object seen through a Microscope
8.29. Phase-contrast Microscope
8.31. Optimum Magnification
8.32. Purity of a Spectrum obtained with White Light
8.36. Talbot's Bands
EXAMPLES [8(xii)-8(xv)]
REFERENCES
CHAPTER IX MEASUREMENTS WITH INTERFEROMETERS
9.2. Classification by Type of Interference
9.4. Classification of Uses of Interferometer
9.5. The Testing of Optical Components
9.6. The Twyman-Green Interferometer
9.11. Fizeau Method
9.15. Multiple-beam Fringes
9.16. Testing of Mechanical Gauges
EXAMPLES [9(i)-9(vii)]
9.18. The Double Interferometer
9.20. Measurement of Mechanical Displacements
9.21 Measurement of Refractive Index and of Small Differences of Index
9.29. The Jamin Refractometer
EXAMPLES [9(v…