Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes

Serves as a guide for seasoned researchers and students alike, who wish to learn about the cross-fertilization between biology and materials that is driving this emerging area of science

This book covers the most relevant topics in basic research and those having potential technological applications for the field of biopolymer brushes. This area has experienced remarkable increase in development of practical applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past decade. In view of the rapidly growing activity and interest in the field, this book covers the introductory features of polymer brushes and presents a unifying and stimulating overview of the theoretical aspects and emerging applications. It immerses readers in the historical perspective and the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily--providing them with a feeling of the enormous potential, the multiple applications, and the many up-and-coming trends behind the development of macromolecular interfaces based on the use of polymer brushes.

Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials offers chapters on: Functionalization of Surfaces Using Polymer Brushes; Polymer Brushes by ATRP and Surface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization for Biological Functions; Electro-Induced Copper Catalyzed Surface Modification with Monolayer and Polymer Brush; Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Substrates; Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brush Coating; Glycopolymer Brushes Presenting Sugars in Their Natural Form; Smart Surfaces Modified with Phenylboronic Acid-Containing Polymer Brushes; DNA Brushes; Polymer Brushes as Interfacial Materials for Soft Metal Conductors and Electronics; and more.

• Presents a comprehensive theory/simulation section that will be valuable for all readers

• Includes chapters not only on the biological applications of polymer brushes but also on biological systems that resemble polymer brushes on flat surfaces

• Addresses applications in coatings, friction, sensors, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials

• Devotes particular attention to the functional aspects of hybrid nanomaterials employing polymer brushes as functional units

Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials is aimed at both graduate students and researchers new to this subject as well as scientists already engaged in the study and development of polymer brushes.

Auteur

OMAR AZZARONI, PHD, is currently the head of the Soft Matter Laboratory of INIFTA. His research interests include new applications of polymer brushes, nanostructured hybrid interfaces, supra- and macromolecular materials science, and soft nanotechnology. IGAL SZLEIFER, PHD, is the Christina Enroth-Cugell Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Professor of Chemistry, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Medicine at Northwestern University. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineers.

Contenu
Volume 1

Preface xxi

List of Contributors xxiii

1 Functionalization of Surfaces Using Polymer Brushes: An Overview of Techniques, Strategies, and **Approaches 1
**Juan M. Giussi,M. Lorena Cortez,Waldemar A. Marmisoll´e, and Omar Azzaroni

1.1 Introduction: Fundamental Notions and Concepts 1

1.2 Preparation of Polymer Brushes on Solid Substrates 4

1.3 Preparation of Polymer Brushes by the Grafting-To Method 5

1.4 Polymer Brushes by the Grafting-From Method 9

1.4.1 Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 9

1.4.2 Surface-Initiated Reversible-Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization 10

1.4.3 Surface-Initiated Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization 13

1.4.4 Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization 13

1.4.5 Surface-Initiated Living Ring-Opening Polymerization 15

1.4.6 Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 17

1.4.7 Surface-Initiated Anionic Polymerization 18

1.5 Conclusions 20

Acknowledgments 21

References 21

**2 Polymer Brushes by AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization 29
**Guojun Xie, Amir Khabibullin, Joanna Pietrasik, Jiajun Yan, and KrzysztofMatyjaszewski

2.1 Structure of Brushes 29

2.2 Synthesis of Polymer Brushes 31

2.2.1 Grafting through 31

2.2.2 Grafting to 32

2.2.3 Grafting from 32

2.3 ATRP Fundamentals 33

2.4 Molecular Bottlebrushes by ATRP 38

2.4.1 Introduction 38

2.4.2 Star-Like Brushes 40

2.4.3 Blockwise Brushes 42

2.4.4 Brushes with Tunable Grafting Density 45

2.4.5 Brushes with Block Copolymer Side Chains 46

2.4.6 Functionalities and Properties of Brushes 50

2.5 ATRP and Flat Surfaces 55

2.5.1 Chemistry at Surface 55

2.5.2 Grafting Density 55

2.5.3 Architecture 56

2.5.4 Applications 57

2.6 ATRP and Nanoparticles 58

2.6.1 Chemistry 58

2.6.2 Architecture 59

2.6.3 Applications 61

2.7 ATRP and Concave Surfaces 63

2.8 ATRP and Templates 63

2.8.1 Templates from Networks 63

2.8.2 Templates from Brushes 64

2.9 Templates from Stars 65

2.10 Bio-Related Polymer Brushes 66

2.11 Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes 74

2.11.1 Stimuli-Responsive Solutions 76

2.11.2 Stimuli-Responsive Surfaces 78

2.12 Conclusion 79

Acknowledgments 80

References 80

**3 Polymer Brushes by Surface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization for Biological Functions 97
**Tuncer Caykara

3.1 Introduction 97

3.2 Polymer Brushes via the Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization Process 99

3.3 Polymer Brushes via the Interface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization Process 101

3.3.1 pH-Responsive Brushes 102

3.3.2 Temperature-Responsive Brushes 106

3.3.3 Polymer Brushes on Gold Surface 110

3.3.4 Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticles 114

3.3.5 Micropatterned Polymer Brushes 115

3.4 Summary 117

References 119

**4 Electro-Induced Copper-Catalyzed Surface Modification with Monolayer and Polymer Brush 123
**Bin Li and Feng Zhou

4.1 Introduction 123

4.2 Electro-Click Chemistry 124

4.3 Electrochemically Induced Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 129

4.4 Possible Combination of eATRP and e-Click Chemistry on Surface 136

4.5 Surface Functionality 136

4.6 Summary 137

Acknowledgments 138

References 138

5 Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Substrates:What Can be Learned fromMolecular Dynamics **Simulations 141
**K. Binder, S.A. Egorov, and A.Milchev

5.1 Introduction 141

5.2 Molecular Dynamics Methods: A Short Primer 144 <p&gt...