Fundamentals of Electronics 2

This book presents a synthesis of Electronics through keynotes which are substantiated in three volumes. The first one comprises four chapters devoted to elementary devices, i.e. diodes, bipolar transistors and related devices, field effect transistors and amplifiers. In each of one, device physics, non linear and linearized models, and applications are studied. The second volume is devoted to systems in the continuous time regime and contains two chapters: one describes different approaches to the transfer function concept and applications, and the following deals with the quadripole properties, filtering and filter synthesis. The third volume presents the various aspects of sampling systems and quantized level systems in the two last chapters.

Auteur
Pierre Muret, Emeritus Professor of Universitei Grenoble-Alpes (now honorary professor) & free researcher at Institut Neiel CNRS Grenoble, France

Contenu

Preface ix

Introduction xiii

Chapter 1. Continuous-time Systems: General Properties, Feedback, Stability, Oscillators 1

1.1. Representation of continuous time signals 2

1.1.1. Sinusoidal signals 2

1.1.2. Periodic signals 4

1.1.3. Non-periodic real signals and Fourier transforms 5

1.2. Representations of linear and stationary systems and circuits built with localized elements 8

1.2.1. Representation using ordinary differential equation 8

1.2.2. Periodic permanent conditions and harmonic conditions 10

1.2.3. Unilateral Laplace transform of causal systems and study of the various regimes 12

1.3. Negative feedback 25

1.3.1. Inversion of a transfer function 26

1.3.2. Linearization of a nonlinear system 27

1.3.3. Gain-bandwidth product for first-order low-pass systems 28

1.3.4. Simultaneous negative and positive feedback 29

1.4. Study of system stability 30

1.4.1. Time response: pole mapping 31

1.4.2. Nyquist criterion in general case 33

1.4.3. Stability of looped systems assumed stable in open loop: Nyquist and Bode criteria 35

1.4.4. Stability of linear and nonlinear networks of any order, analyzed from state variables 37

1.5. State space form 40

1.6. Oscillators and unstable systems 42

1.6.1. Sinusoidal oscillators 42

1.6.2. Relaxation oscillators using a nonlinear dipole and other resonant circuit oscillators 49

1.6.3. General case of systems comprising a nonlinear dipole and study of oscillation in phase space 52

1.7. Exercises 66

1.7.1. Response and stability of an operational amplifier not compensated until unity gain and loaded by a capacitor 66

1.7.2. Active filters built with operational amplifiers 69

1.7.3. Study of a looped system and its stability: sample and hold circuit 72

1.7.4. Study of a Colpitts oscillator built with a JFET 78

1.7.5. Study of a system in state-space form 80

Chapter 2. Continuous-time Linear Systems: Quadripoles, Filtering and Filter Synthesis 85

2.1. Quadripoles or two-port networks 85

2.1.1. Quadripoles deduced from dynamic circuits 86

2.1.2. Quadripoles and transfer matrices 87

2.1.3. Modification of the parameters of the quadripoles using negative feedback 89

2.1.4. Passive quadripoles 91

2.1.5. Dipole impedances and admittances; iterative impedance 92

2.1.6. Scattering matrix (or s-matrix) and transfer matrix 102

2.1.7. Powers in quadripoles and matching 107

2.1.8. Image-impedances and image-matching 118

2.1.9. Representation of quadripoles by block diagrams 124

2.2. Analog filters 126

2.2.1. Definition and impulse response 126

2.2.2. Properties of real, causal and stable filters 131

2.3. Synthesis of analog active filters using operational amplifiers 146

2.3.1. Cascading second-order cell filters 146

2.3.2. Multiple feedback loop cell 148

2.4. Non-dissipative filters synthesis methods 150

2.4.1. Synthesis based on effective parameters 151

2.4.2. Synthesis based on image parameters 166

2.4.3. Filter sensitivity and Orchard's argument 195

2.5. Exercises 196

2.5.1. Impedance matching by means of passive two-port networks; application to class B pushpull power RF amplifier with MOS transistors 196

2.5.2. Passive low-pass filtering of an ideal voltage source by a two-port network built with an LC ladder (single-ended ladder filter) 204

2.5.3. Dual-ended passive filter, synthesized by the image impedance method 211

2.5.4. Lattice filter 214

Appendix 223

Bibliography 233

Index 235