Photoactive Functional Soft Materials

This book covers the design, synthesis, properties, and applications of functional photoactive soft materials, including aspects of polymers, block copolymers, elastomers, biomaterials, liquid crystals, chemical and physical gels, colloids, and host-guest systems. It combines, in a unified manner, authoritative accounts describing various structural and functional aspects of photoactive soft materials. Photoactive Functional Soft Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications: Brings together the state-of-the-art knowledge on photoactive functional soft materials in a unified manner Covers a vibrant research field with tremendous application potential in areas such as optoelectronics, photonics, and energy generation * Appeals to a large interdisciplinary audience because it is highly useful for researchers and engineers working on photonics, optoelectronics, imaging and sensing, nanotechnology, and energy materials Photoactive Functional Soft Materials: Preparation, Properties and Applications focuses on the design and fabrication of photoactive functional soft materials for materials science, nanophotonics, nanotechnology, and biomedical applications.

Auteur

Quan Li, PhD, is Director of the Organic Synthesis and Advanced Materials Laboratory at Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI), Kent State University, where he is also Adjunct Professor in the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program. He was promoted to the youngest Full Professor of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Shanghai, and honored as one of One-Hundred Talent Scientists. He has directed numerous cutting-edge research projects and won the Kent State University Outstanding Research and Scholarship award. He has also been honored as Guest Professor and Chair Professor by several universities.

Texte du rabat
Explores the preparation, properties, applications, and potential of light-controlled functionalities in soft materials This book covers the design, synthesis, properties, and applications of functional photoactive soft materials, including aspects of polymers, block copolymers, elastomers, biomaterials, liquid crystals, chemical and physical gels, colloids, and host-guest systems. It combines, in a unified manner, authoritative accounts describing various structural and functional aspects of photoactive soft materials. Photoactive Functional Soft Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications:

• Brings together the state-of-the-art knowledge on photoactive functional soft materials in a unified manner
• Covers a vibrant research field with tremendous application potential in areas such as optoelectronics, photonics, and energy generation
• Appeals to a large interdisciplinary audience because it is highly useful for researchers and engineers working on photonics, optoelectronics, imaging and sensing, nanotechnology, and energy materials Photoactive Functional Soft Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications focuses on the design and fabrication of photoactive functional soft materials for materials science, nanophotonics, nanotechnology, and biomedical applications. It is an excellent book for materials scientists, photochemists, polymer chemists, and supramolecular chemists.

Contenu
Preface xi

**1 Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications 1
**Hari K. Bisoyi, Augustine M. Urbas, and Quan Li

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Liquid Crystals Driven by Photothermal Effect 3

1.3 Polymers Driven by Photothermal Effect 16

1.4 Gels Driven by Photothermal Effect 23

1.5 Summary and Outlook 31

Acknowledgments 32

References 32

**2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers 45
**Yuichi Kitamoto, Keisuke Aratsu, and Shiki Yagai

2.1 Introduction 45

2.2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by HostGuest and Coordination Systems 46

2.3 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Complementary Hydrogen Bonds 52

2.4 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Stacking of Photochromic Molecules 61

2.5 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers with Photocontrollable 1D Topology 76

2.6 Summary and Outlook 83

References 84

**3 LightDriven SelfOrganized Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures Enabled by Chiral Molecular Switches or Motors: From 1D to 3D Photonic Crystals 91
**Ling Wang and Quan Li

3.1 Introduction 91

3.2 LightDriven Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 93

3.2.1 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Azobenzene Photoswitches 93

3.2.2 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Diarylethene Photoswitches 100

3.2.3 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Spirooxazine and Overcrowded Alkenes 104

3.3 LightDriven Blue Phase Liquid Crystals 106

3.4 LightDriven Chiral Liquid Crystal Microdroplets and Microshells 109

3.5 Summary and Perspective 114

Acknowledgments 115

References 116

**4 Photochemical Chirality Induction and Inversion in Soft Materials 125
**Yuna Kim, Noushaba N. Mafy, and Nobuyuki Tamaoki

4.1 Introduction 125

4.2 Chirality Induction from Achiral Soft Materials by CPL 126

4.2.1 Achiral LMW Liquid Crystals 128

4.2.2 Achiral Polymers 132

4.2.3 SelfAssembled Supramolecules 137

4.3 Photochemical Chirality Inversion from Chiral Soft Materials 139

4.3.1 Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants for Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 140

4.3.1.1 Azobenzenes 141

4.3.1.2 Diarylethenes 145

4.3.1.3 Overcrowded Alkenes 149

4.3.2 Chiral Polymers 153

4.3.2.1 Azopolymers 156

4.3.2.2 Overcrowded AlkeneBased Polymers 157

4.4 Summary and Outlook 160

References 161

**5 Soft Photoactuators in Microfluidics 167
**LuJian Chen and Quan Li

5.1 Introduction 167

5.2 Photoactive Soft Materials as Generic Microactuators 169

5.2.1 LightDriven Microvalves 169

5.2.1.1 Hydrogel Microvalves Actuated by Photothermal Effect 171

5.2.1.2 Hydrogel Microvalves Actuated by Photoisomerization 174

5.2.2 LightDriven Micropumps and Micromixers 177

5.2.3 LightDriven Emulsification and Deemulsification 182

5.2.4 New Conceptual LightDriven Fluid Motion in Microchannels 184

5.3 Soft Photoactuators as Optical Microcomponents 186

5.3.1 Tunable Microlenses Actuated by Photoactive Hydrogels 187

5.3.2 Microlens Arrays Actuated by Photoactive Emulsions 188

5.4 Summary and Outlook 191

Acknowledgments 192

References 192

**6 Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks and Elastomers for LightFueled Robotics 197
**Hao Zeng, Markus Lahikainen, Owies M. Wani, Alex Berdin, and Arri Priimagi

6.1 Photoactuation: A New Paradigm for Soft Microrobotics 197

6.2 Photoactuation in LCNs 200

6.2.1 Photochemical Actuation 202

6.2.2 Photothermal Actuation 204

6.2.3 Comparison between the Photochemical and Photothermal Effects 205

6.3 Diversity of Shape Changes in LCNs 207

6.3.1 Uniaxial Contraction/Expansion 207

6.3.2 Bending and Coiling 208 6.3.3 From Flat Sheets to Con...