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MDI and TDI are polymer building blocks with a wide range of applications in industry.
Both are used in large quantities and can be found in a wide variety of industries and applications. As their use will often involve large numbers of workers they are also subject to stringent health and safety regulations.
This book covers all the important topics concerning MDI and TDI and provides comprehensive coverage on the health and environmental science associated with these.
Considering the risk management of both substances this is the first book to offer comprehensive discussion of health and environmental issues and includes
insights from academic, regulatory, and industrial experts
numerous photographs, spectra, tables, and graphs
additional information on physical properties and analysis
Considers the risk management of these two diisocyanates
Addressing their use throughout industry this title presents an essential source of information for occupational physicians, industrial hygiene professionals, polyurethane producers, environmental scientists, chemical analysts and regulators.
Auteur
D. C. Allport is the editor of MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide, published by Wiley.
D. S. Gilbert is the editor of MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide, published by Wiley.
S. M. Outterside is the editor of MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide, published by Wiley.
Contenu
List of authors and affiliations ix
A book of distinction xv
Acknowledgements xvii
**MDI and TDI usage: responsible risk management 1
**D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside
Exposure, hazard and risk 1
Responsible Care®: a framework for industry action 5
Reading 10
1 **MDI, TDI and the polyurethane industry 11
**D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside
Types of MDI 13
Types of TDI 15
Test substances 16
Misapprehensions 16
Polyurethanes made from MDI and TDI 17
Reading 23
**2 Handling MDI and TDI 25
**D C Allport, R C Blake, C Bastian, C Galavitz, D S Gilbert, R Hurd, B Reeve, W Robert, S M Outterside, A Solinas, D Walsh, U Walber and H Wolfson
Pride in safety 25
Successful systems 25
Safety systems for the handling of MDI and TDI 26
Key Theme 1: Know your product 28
Health 31
Environment 32
Key Theme 2: Protecting health 33
Duty of care 33
Exposure: how can MDI or TDI enter the body? 34
Medical symptoms 35
Medical checks 36
Key Theme 3: Neutralization, decontamination and disposal of wastes 39
Types of neutralizer 40
Routine cleaning of equipment and drums 40
Neutralization after a spillage 43
Neutralizer formulations 46
Key Theme 4: Using personal protective equipment 47
Normal operations 47
Emergency situations 48
Selection of personal protective equipment 49
Protective clothing 50
Respiratory protection 51
Key Theme 5: Monitoring exposure 59
How should monitoring be carried out? 60
When should monitoring be carried out? 61
Key Theme 6: Dealing with accidents 62
Accidents can happen 62
Spillages 63
Development of excess pressure inside containers 68
Incidents involving fire 70
Transport of MDI and TDI 72
Transport regulations 73
MDI and TDI: transport temperatures 73
Typical containers for the transport of diisocyanates 75
Accidents and emergencies 85
The workplace: storage and use of MDI and TDI 86
Designing the systems and minimizing the risks 87
Physical and chemical properties relating to storage and processing 93
Storage of MDI and TDI 95
Safety issues in workplaces using MDI and TDI 106
Safety issues in some important polyurethane processes 117
Use of MDI and TDI in laboratories 122
Visitors to the workplace 123
Emergencies in the workplace 124
Releases to atmosphere from polyurethane manufacturing sites 126
Properties of MDI and TDI relevant to releases to atmosphere 127
Releases from polyurethane processes 127
Abatement of releases 138
Reading 148
**3 Health 155
**DC Allport, P Davies, W F Diller, J E Doe, F Floc'h H D Hoffmann, MKatoh and J P Lyon. Appendices by D I Bernstein
Perspective on immediate effects following over exposure 156
First aid procedures 156
Commentary on first aid procedures 157
Human health: the medical background 160
Effects on the eyes 163
Effects on the skin 163
Effects when swallowed 165
Effects on the respiratory tract 165
Other health effects of MDI and TDI 185
Biomonitoring of MDI and TDI 186
Experimental toxicology 187
The interaction of MDI and TDI with biological systems 188
Toxicology studies 193
Diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma 203
Appendices (David I. Bernstein) 203
Reading 216
**4 The environment 229
***RE Bailey, A Gard, K H den Haan, F Heimbach, D Pemberton, II...