Power System Dynamics

An authoritative guide to the most up-to-date information on power system dynamics

The revised third edition of Power System Dynamics and Stability contains a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of information on the topic. The third edition continues the successful approach of the first and second editions by progressing from simplicity to complexity. It places the emphasis first on understanding the underlying physical principles before proceeding to more complex models and algorithms. The book is illustrated by a large number of diagrams and examples.

The third edition of Power System Dynamics and Stability explores the influence of wind farms and virtual power plants, power plants inertia and control strategy on power system stability. The authors--noted experts on the topic--cover a range of new and expanded topics including:

• Wide-area monitoring and control systems.

• Improvement of power system stability by optimization of control systems parameters.

• Impact of renewable energy sources on power system dynamics.

• The role of power system stability in planning of power system operation and transmission network expansion.

• Real regulators of synchronous generators and field tests.

• Selectivity of power system protections at power swings in power system.

• Criteria for switching operations in transmission networks.

• Influence of automatic control of a tap changing step-up transformer on the power capability area of the generating unit.

• Mathematical models of power system components such as HVDC links, wind and photovoltaic power plants.

• Data of sample (benchmark) test systems.

Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control, Third Edition is an essential resource for students of electrical engineering and for practicing engineers and researchers who need the most current information available on the topic.

Auteur

Jan Machowski is Full Professor at the Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Poland. Zbigniew Lubosny is Full Professor at Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Poland. Janusz W. Bialek, formerly Professor at Durham University and Edinburgh University, UK. James R. Bumby, formerly Reader at Durham University, UK.

Contenu
About the Authors xix

List of Symbols & Abbreviations xxi

Part I Introduction to Power Systems 1

1 Introduction 3

1.1 Stability and Control of a Dynamic System 3

1.2 Classification of Power System Dynamics 5

1.3 Two Pairs of Important Quantities 7

1.4 Stability of a Power System 8

1.5 Security of a Power System 9

2 Power System Components 13

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Structure of the Electric Power System 14

2.3 Generating Units 17

2.4 Substations 33

2.5 Transmission and Distribution Network 34

2.6 Protection 49

2.7 Wide Area Measurement Systems 53

3 The Power System in the Steady State 57

3.1 Transmission Lines 57

3.2 Transformers 64

3.3 Synchronous Generators 68

3.4 Power System Loads 101

3.5 Network Equations 110

3.6 Power Flows in Transmission Networks 114

Part II Introduction to Power System Dynamics 123

4 Electromagnetic Phenomena 125

4.1 Fundamentals 125

4.2 Three-phase Short Circuit on a Synchronous Generator 130

4.3 Phase-to-phase Short Circuit 153

4.4 Switching Operations 164

4.5 Subsynchronous Resonance 191

5 Electromechanical Dynamics Small Disturbances 195

5.1 Swing Equation 195

5.2 Damping Power 195

5.3 Equilibrium Points 199

5.4 Steady-state Stability of Unregulated System 200

5.5 Steady-state Stability of the Regulated System 219

6 Electromechanical Dynamics Large Disturbances 229

6.1 Transient Stability 229

6.2 Swings in Multi-machine Systems 243

6.3 Direct Method for Stability Assessment 246

6.4 Synchronization 262

6.5 Asynchronous Operation and Resynchronization 264

6.6 Out-of-step Protection System 269

7 Wind Power 283

7.1 Wind Turbines 283

7.2 Generator Systems 287

7.3 Induction Machine Equivalent Circuit 291

7.4 Induction Generator Coupled to the Grid 294

7.5 Induction Generators with Slightly Increased Speed Range via External Rotor Resistance 297

7.6 Induction Generators with Significantly Increased Speed Range 299

7.7 Fully Rated Converter Systems (Wide Speed Control) 307

7.8 Peak Power Tracking of Variable Speed Wind Turbines 309

7.9 Connections of Wind Farms 309

7.10 Fault Behavior of Induction Generators 310

7.11 Influence of Wind Generators on Power System Stability 312

8 Voltage Stability 315

8.1 Network Feasibility 315

8.2 Stability Criteria 320

8.3 Critical Load Demand and Voltage Collapse 325

8.4 Static Analyses 332

8.5 Dynamic Analysis 342

8.6 Prevention of Voltage Collapse 348

8.7 Self-excitation of a Generator Operating on a Capacitive Load 349

9 Frequency Stability and Control 355

9.1 Automatic Generation Control 355

9.2 Stage I Rotor Swings in the Generators 368

9.3 Stage II Frequency Drop 371

9.4 Stage III Primary Control 373

9.5 Stage IV Secondary Control 378

9.6 Simplified Simulation Models 387

9.7 Series FACTS Devices in Tie-lines 392

9.8 Static Analysis by Snapshots of Power Flow 404

10 Stability Enhancement 407

10.1 Excitation Control System 408

10.2 Turbine Control System 415

10.3 Braking Resistors 419

10.4 Generator Tripping 421

10.5 Shunt FACTS Devices 423

10.6 Series Compensators 442 10.7 Unified ...