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Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.
Auteur
Irwin L. Goldman, Professor and Chair, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Résumé
Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.
Contenu
**1. Hari Deo Upadhyaya: Plant Breeder, Geneticist and Genetic Resources Specialist 1
**Sangam L Dwivedi
Abbreviations 3
I. Introduction 3
II. Biographical Sketch 5
III. Contributions 5
A. Genetic Resources Management and Use 6
Representative Subsets 6
Climate?]resilient Germplasm 8
Seed Nutrient?]dense Germplasm 8
Bioenergy 9
Germplasm Use in Breeding 9
On?]farm Conservation and Use of Diversity 10
Wild Relatives and Cultigen Genepool 10
Gaps in Collections 12
B. Molecular Biology and Biometrics 13
Population Structure and Diversity 13
Genome?]wide Association Mapping 13
Candidate Genes Associated with Agronomically Useful Traits 15
Ethnolinguistic Groups Shaped Sorghum Diversity in Africa 15
Genome Sequencing 16
C. Groundnut Breeding 16
Early Maturity 16
Drought Tolerance 18
Aflatoxin Resistance 18
Farmers Participatory Varietal Selection 19
D. Chickpea Breeding 20
IV. Upadhyaya, the Man 20
A. Personality 20
B. Educator and Leader 27
C. International Collaborations 28
D. Recognition 28
Awards 28
Honours 30
Service 30
V. Publications 30
VI. Products 31
A. Cultivars 31
B. Registrations 31
References cited and further reading 33
**2. Crop Improvement Using Genome Editing 55
**Nathaniel M Butler, Jiming Jiang and Robert M Stupar
Abbreviations 56
I. Introduction 57
II. Conceptual Framework for Genome Editing 60
A. Development of Sequence?]Specific Nucleases 60
Early Nucleases 62
Designer Nucleases 62
RNA?]guided Nucleases 65
B. DNA Repair Pathways 66
Non?]homologous End?]joining 66
Homologous Recombination 69
C. Modes of Modifications 70
NHEJ?]mediated Modifications 70
HR?]mediated Modifications 71
III. Plant Transformation Strategies 72
A. Agrobacterium?]mediated Transformation 73
B. Protoplasts and Biolistics 75
C. Plant Viral Systems 76
IV. Harnessing Breaks for Targeted Mutagenesis 77
A. Detecting and Stabilizing Targeted Mutations 78
B. Targeted Mutagenesis in Polyploids 81
V. Precision Gene Editing via HomologousRecombination 82
VI. Genome Editing at the Genome Level 85
A. Large Deletions 85
B. Chromosomal Rearrangements 86
C. Epigenetic Remodelling and Base Editing 87
VII. Future Perspectives 88
A. Nuclease Decisions and Considerations 89
B. Crop Challenges and Advantages 90
C. Regulation of Nuclease Technology 91
Acknowledgements 92
Literature Cited 92
**3. Development and Commercialization of CMS Pigeonpea Hybrids 103
**KB Saxena, D Sharma, and MI Vales
Abbreviations 105
I. Introduction 106
II. Reproductive Cycle and Morphology of Pigeonpea 108
A. Induction of Flowering 108
B. Maturity Range 109
C. Flower Structure 110
D. Flowering Pattern 111
E. Pollination and Fertilization 111
F. Natural Cross?]pollination 112
Cross?]pollinating Agents 112
Extent of Out?]crossing 114
III. Crop Production 115
A. General Agronomy 115
B. Major Production Constraints 115
Diseases 115
Insect Pests 117
Waterlogging 117
IV. Extent and Nature of Heterosis in Pigeonpea 118
V. Genetic Male Sterility?]based Hybrid Technology 119
A. Genetic Male Sterility Systems 119 B. Hete...