Handbook of Neurobehavioral Genetics and Phenotyping

The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping represents an integrative approach to neurobehavioural genetics; worldwide experts in their field will review all chapters. Advanced overviews of neurobehavioural characteristics will add immense value to the investigation of animal mutants and provide unique information about the genetics and behavioural understanding of animal models, under both normal and pathological conditions. Cross-species comparisons of neurobehavioural phenotypes will pave the way for an evolutionary understanding of behaviour.

Moreover, while biological sciences are progressing towards a holistic approach to investigate the complexity of organisms (i.e., "systems biology" approach), an integrated analysis of behavioural phenotyping is still lacking. The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping strengthens the cross-talk within disciplines that investigate the fundamental basis of behaviour and genetics. This will be the first volume in which traditionally distant fields including genomics, behaviour, electrophysiology, neuroeconomics, and computational neuroscience, among others, are evaluated together and simultaneously accounted for during discussions of future perspectives.

Auteur

Valter Tucci graduated in Psychology in 2000, at the University of Padua, studying the cardiovascular changes associated with NREM and REM sleep states in humans. During his Ph.D studies he investigated the physiological and cognitive traits of narcoleptic patients. Then he moved to Boston where he studied sleep physiology and cognitive processes in rhesus monkeys and zebrafish. In 2003, he moved to Oxford (UK). At this time, he switched to work on behavioural neurogenetics. He was awarded a Career Development Fellowship by the MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit in Harwell and was then promoted to the post of Investigator Scientist two years later.
Valter Tucci is currently Team Leader of the Neurobehavioural Group at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT). His research focuses on analysis of the effects that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms exert on sleep and cognition.

Résumé
The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping represents an integrative approach to neurobehavioural genetics; worldwide experts in their field will review all chapters. Advanced overviews of neurobehavioural characteristics will add immense value to the investigation of animal mutants and provide unique information about the genetics and behavioural understanding of animal models, under both normal and pathological conditions. Cross-species comparisons of neurobehavioural phenotypes will pave the way for an evolutionary understanding of behaviour.

Moreover, while biological sciences are progressing towards a holistic approach to investigate the complexity of organisms (i.e., systems biology approach), an integrated analysis of behavioural phenotyping is still lacking. The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping strengthens the cross-talk within disciplines that investigate the fundamental basis of behaviour and genetics. This will be the first volume in which traditionally distant fields including genomics, behaviour, electrophysiology, neuroeconomics, and computational neuroscience, among others, are evaluated together and simultaneously accounted for during discussions of future perspectives.

Contenu

List of Contributors xix

Preface xxv

1 Genetic Screens in Neurodegeneration 1
Abraham Acevedo Arozena and Silvia Corrochano

Introduction 1

The Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disorders 2

Neurodegeneration Disease Models 4

Genetic Approaches to Discover New Genes Related to Neurodegeneration Using Disease Models 5

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6

Caenorhabditis elegans 8

Drosophila melanogaster 9

Danio rerio 10

Mus musculus 11

Human Cellular Models and Post-mortem Material 14

The Future 14

Acknowledgments 15

References 15

2 Computational Epigenomics 19
Mattia Pelizzola

Background 19

Profiling and Analyzing the Methylation of Genomic DNA 19

Experimental Methods 20

Data Analysis 20

Array-based Methods 20

Sequencing-based Methods 20

Profiling and Analyzing Histone Marks 26

Experimental Methods 26

Data Analysis 27

Issues of Array-based Methods 27

Issues of NGS-based Methods 27

Integration with Other Omics Data 31

Chromatin States 32

Unraveling the Cross-talk Between Epigenetic Layers 33

References 33

3 Behavioral Phenotyping in Zebrafish: The First Models of Alcohol Induced Abnormalities 37
Robert Gerlai

Introduction 37

Alcohol Related Human Disorders: A Growing Unmet Medical Need 37

Unraveling Alcohol Related Mechanisms: The Importance of Animal Models 38

Face Validity: The First Step in Modeling a Human Disorder 39

Acute Effects of Alcohol in Zebrafish: A Range of Behavioral Responses 39

Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Behavioral Responses in Zebrafish 41

Effects of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure 42

Behavioral Phenotyping: Are We There Yet? 46

Assembling the Behavioral Test Battery 49

Concluding Remarks 50

References 50

4 How does Stress Affect Energy Balance? 53
Maria Razzoli, Cheryl Cero, and Alessandro Bartolomucci

Introduction 53

Stress 54

Energy Balance and Metabolic Disorders 55

Pro-adipogenic Stress Mediators 57

Pro-lipolytic Effect of Stress Mediators 57

How does Stress Affect Energy Balance? 57

Animal Models of Chronic Stress and their Impact on Energy Balance 58

Physical and Psychological (non-social) Chronic Stress Models 58

Mild Chronic Pain Models Mild Tail Pinch, Foot Shock 58

Thermal Models Cold and Heat Stress 64

Chronic Mild Stress Models: Chronic Mild Stress, Chronic Variable Stress, etc. 64

Restraint or Immobilization 65

Chronic Social Stress Models 66

Social Isolation, Individual Housing 66

Unstable Social Settings 66

Visible Burrow System 67

Intermittent Social Defeat (Resident/Intruder Procedure) 67

Chronic Psychosocial Stress, Sensory Contact, and Chronic Defeat stress 68

Stress, Recovery, and Maintenance: Insights on Adaptive and Maladaptive Effects of Stress 69

Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Negative and Positive Energy Balance 70

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) 71

Orexin 71

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) 72

Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) 72

Glucagon like Peptide 1 (GLP1) 73

Leptin 73

Amylin 74

Norepinephrine and 3-Adrenergic Receptor 74

Conclusion 74

References 75

5 Interactions of Experience-Dependent Plasticity and LTP in the Hippocampus During Associative Learning 91
Agnès Gruart, Noelia Madroñal, María Teresa Jurado-Parras, and José María Delgado-García

Introduction: Study of Learning and Memory Processes in Alert Behaving Mammals 91 Changes in Synaptic Strength During Lea...