Catalysis

This introductory textbook covers all aspects of catalysis. It also bridges computational methods, industrial applications and green chemistry, with over 600 references. The book is aimed at chemistry and chemical engineering students, and is suitable for both senior undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, with many examples and hands-on exercises. The author, a renowned researcher in catalysis, is well known for his clear teaching and writing style (he was voted "lecturer of the year" by the chemistry students).
Following an introduction to green chemistry and the basics of catalysis, the book covers the principles and applications of homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis. Each chapter includes up-to-date industrial examples, that demonstrate how catalysis helps our society reach the goals of sustainable development.
Since its publication in 2008, Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications has become the most popular textbook in catalysis. This second edition is updated with the latest developments in catalysis research in academia and industry. It also contains 50 additional exercises, based on the suggestions of students and teachers of chemistry and chemical engineering from all over the world.
The book is also available in the Chinese language (https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?spm=a212k0.12153887.0.0.4e60687dUTEDKm&id=619581126247).

Additional teaching material (original figures as PowerPoint lecture slides) is freely available in the Supplementary Material.

Auteur
Gadi Rothenberg is Professor and Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry at the Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, and teaches courses on catalysis, thermodynamics
and scientific writing. He has published over 180 papers in peer-reviewed journals, was awarded 15 patents, and co-founded the companies Sorbisense A/S, Yellow Diesel BV and Plantics BV. Rothenberg?s current research interests
include fuel cells, biomass conversion and multifunctional materials. His latest invention is a simple catalytic process for removing cyanide from industrial waste streams.

Résumé
After the great success now in its 2nd Edition: This textbook covers all aspects of catalysis, including computational methods, industrial applications and green chemistry

Contenu

Preface xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development 1

1.1.1 What Is 'Green Chemistry'? 2

1.1.2 Quantifying Environmental Impact: Efficiency, E-Factors, and Atom Economy 4

1.1.3 Just How 'Green' Is This Process? 6

1.1.4 Product and Process Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) 10

1.2 What Is Catalysis and Why Is It Important? 12

1.2.1 Homogeneous Catalysis, Heterogeneous Catalysis, and Biocatalysis: Definitions and Examples 14

1.2.2 Connecting Catalysis and Sustainability: Saving Resources by Using Catalytic Cycles 20

1.2.3 Industrial Example: the BHC Ibuprofen Process 22

1.3 Tools in Catalysis Research 24

1.3.1 Catalyst Synthesis and Testing Tools 24

1.3.2 Catalyst Characterisation Tools 27

1.3.3 Modelling/Mechanistic Studies Tools 28

1.4 Exercises 30

References 38

Further Reading 41

2 The Basics of Catalysis 43

2.1 Catalysis Is a Kinetic Phenomenon 43

2.1.1 Reaction Rates, Reaction Orders, Rate Equations and Rate-Determining Steps 45

2.1.2 The Reaction Profile and the Reaction Coordinate 49

2.1.3 Zero-Order, First-Order and Second-Order Kinetics 52

2.1.4 LangmuirHinshelwood Kinetics 58

2.1.5 The Steady-State Approximation 61

2.1.6 MichaelisMenten Kinetics 62

2.1.7 Consecutive and Parallel First-Order Reactions 66

2.1.8 Pre-equilibrium, 'Catalyst Reservoirs', and Catalyst Precursors 67

2.2 Practical Approaches in Kinetic Studies 70

2.2.1 Initial Reaction Rates and Concentration Effects 70

2.2.2 Creating Pseudo-Order Conditions 71

2.2.3 What You See vs. What You Get 72

2.2.4 Learning from Stoichiometric Experiments 73

2.3 An Overview of Some Basic Concepts in Catalysis 74

2.3.1 Catalyst-Substrate Interactions and Sabatier's Principle 74

2.3.2 Catalyst Deactivation, Sintering, and Thermal Degradation 75

2.3.3 Catalyst Inhibition 78

2.4 Exercises 79

References 85

3 Homogeneous Catalysis 89

3.1 Metal Complex Catalysis in the Liquid Phase 90

3.1.1 Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Catalysis 91

3.1.2 Structure-Activity Relationships in Homogeneous Catalysis 100

3.1.3 Asymmetric Homogeneous Catalysis 106

3.1.4 Industrial Examples 109

3.2 Homogeneous Catalysis without Metals 117

3.2.1 Classic Acid/Base Catalysis 117

3.2.2 Organocatalysis 117

3.3 Scaling Up Homogeneous Reactions: Pros and Cons 119

3.3.1 Catalyst Recovery and Recycling 120

3.3.2 Immobilised Complexes and Ship-In-A-Bottle Catalysts 122

3.4 'Click Chemistry' and Homogeneous Catalysis 122

3.5 Exercises 124

References 131

4 Heterogeneous Catalysis 137

4.1 Classic Gas/Solid Systems 139

4.1.1 The Concept of the Active Site 141

4.1.2 Model Catalyst Systems 143

4.1.3 Real Catalysts: Promoters, Modifiers, and Poisons 144

4.1.4 Preparation of Solid Catalysts: Black Magic Revealed 146

4.1.5 Selecting the Right Support 154

4.1.6 Catalyst Characterisation 157

4.1.7 The Catalytic Converter: an Example from Everyday Life 166

4.1.8 Surface Organometallic Chemistry 168

4.2 Liquid/Solid and Liquid/Liquid Catalytic Systems 171

4.2.1 Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis 171

4.2.2 Fluorous Biphasic Catalysis 173

4.2.3 Biphasic Catalysis Using Ionic Liquids 175

4.2.4 Phase-Transfer Catalysis 176

4.3 Advanced Process Solutions Using Heterogeneous Catalysis 178

4.3.1 The BP AVADA Ethyl Acetate Process 178

4.3.2 The CB&I Lummus/Albemarle AlkyClean Process 179

4.3.3 The IFP and Yellowdiesel Processes for Biodiesel Production 180

4.3.4 The ABB Lummus/UOP SMART Process 184

4.4 Exercises 186

References 196

5 Biocatalysis 205 5.1 Th...