Organic Crop Breeding

Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.

Auteur

Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren holds an endowed chair
at Wageningen University as Professor of Organic Plant Breeding and
senior researcher Organic Plant Breeding at the Louis Bolk
Institute in the Netherlands.

James R. Myers is the Baggett-Frazier Professor of
Vegetable Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Horticulture
at Oregon State University.

Texte du rabat
Organic crop production utilizes different approaches and growing environments compared to conventionally raised crops to achieve production in growing systems that mimic natural ecosystems. These systems seek to employ fewer direct inputs and innovative agronomic methods to achieve this goal. This alternative approach has attracted great interest in this rapidly expanding method of crop production. Organic Crop Breeding brings together the latest research on the development of new varieties and cultivars best suited to thrive under organic production. It will also be of interest to those breeding in conventional systems who wish to adapt their breeding goals to sustainable low input agriculture. Organic Crop Breeding will be a useful tool to helping meet the increasing global demand for organically produced grains, vegetables, and fruits. The book is divided into two sections that logically cover the topic from foundational principles to crop-specific examples of organic breeding efforts. The opening section looks at general topics related to organic crop breeding ranging from nutrient management to disease and pest resistance. The second section looks at the applications of these principles to economically important crops such as wheat, maize, rice, potato, legumes and tomato.

Written by a global team of the leading experts in the field, Organic Crop Breeding is a field-defining reference that will be of both academic and practical use.

Résumé
Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.

Contenu

Contributors xiii

Foreword xix
William F. Tracy

Preface xxi
Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers

Acknowledgments xxiii

Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding 1

**Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods 3
**Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers

Introduction 3

How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? 4

Consequences for Cultivar Requirements 5

From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs 6

The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States 8

Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture 11

Conclusion 12

References 12

**Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies 15
**Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel

Introduction 15

Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming 16

Roots: The Hidden Potential 17

Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions 21

Importance of Selection Environments 27

Breeding Strategies 30

References 32

**Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding 39
**Thomas F. Döring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe and Maria R. Finckh

Introduction 39

Plant Protection in Organic Farming 42

Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection 46

Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection 49

Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases 50

Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health 53

Discussion and Conclusions 54

References 55

**Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals 61
**Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff and Ulrich Köpke Background 61

Crop Competitiveness against Weeds 62

Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression 63

Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs 64

Selection Strategies 68

Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding 70

Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives 71

References 72

**Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations 77
**Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer

Introduction 77

Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture 79

On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity 80

Breeding Strategies 81

Conclusion 94

References 94

**Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture 99
**Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley,Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lançon

Introduction 99

Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions 100

What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? 100

Participatory Approaches 102

PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches 102

Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries 106

Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries 113

General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming 119

References 120

**Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques 125
**Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren

Introduction 125

Arguments against Genetic Engineering 126 &...