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Build an intuitive understanding of the principles behind
quantum mechanics through practical construction and replication of
original experiments
With easy-to-acquire, low-cost materials and basic knowledge of
algebra and trigonometry, Exploring Quantum Physics through
Hands-on Projects takes readers step by step through the
process of re-creating scientific experiments that played an
essential role in the creation and development of quantum
mechanics.
Presented in near chronological order--from discoveries of
the early twentieth century to new material on
entanglement--this book includes question- and
experiment-filled chapters on:
Light as a Wave
Light as Particles
Atoms and Radioactivity
The Principle of Quantum Physics
Wave/Particle Duality
The Uncertainty Principle
Schrödinger (and his Zombie Cat)
Entanglement
From simple measurements of Planck's constant to testing
violations of Bell's inequalities using entangled photons,
Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects not only
immerses readers in the process of quantum mechanics, it provides
insight into the history of the field--how the theories and
discoveries apply to our world not only today, but also
tomorrow.
By immersing readers in groundbreaking experiments that can be
performed at home, school, or in the lab, this first-ever, hands-on
book successfully demystifies the world of quantum physics for all
who seek to explore it--from science enthusiasts and undergrad
physics students to practicing physicists and engineers.
Auteur
DAVID PRUTCHI, PhD, is Vice President of Engineering at Impulse
Dynamics. An adept do-it-yourselfer, he is dedicated to bringing
cutting-edge experimental physics within the grasp of fellow
science buffs. In addition to being the lead author of Design and
Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation (Wiley), he has
published over 30 scientific publications and holds over 70
patents.
SHANNI R. PRUTCHI is a high-school junior at Jack M. Barrack
Hebrew Academy in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. An avid science and
engineering enthusiast, she conducts research with her father in
the areas of radio astronomy and quantum physics.
Résumé
Build an intuitive understanding of the principles behind quantum mechanics through practical construction and replication of original experiments
With easy-to-acquire, low-cost materials and basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects takes readers step by step through the process of re-creating scientific experiments that played an essential role in the creation and development of quantum mechanics.
Presented in near chronological orderfrom discoveries of the early twentieth century to new material on entanglementthis book includes question- and experiment-filled chapters on:
By immersing readers in groundbreaking experiments that can be performed at home, school, or in the lab, this first-ever, hands-on book successfully demystifies the world of quantum physics for all who seek to explore itfrom science enthusiasts and undergrad physics students to practicing physicists and engineers.
Contenu
Introduction xi
Prologue xv
Important Disclaimer and Warnings xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
About the Authors xxv
1 LIGHT AS AWAVE 1
Newton's View: Light Consists of Particles 1
Young's Interference of Light 3
Automatic Scanning of Interference Patterns 6
The Final Nail in the Coffin for Newton's Theory of Light 8
Light as an Electromagnetic Wave 9
Polarization 11
Optics with 3-cm Wavelength Light 11
Real-World Behaviors 16
Double-Slit Interference with Microwaves 17
The Doppler Effect 18
Experiments and Questions 20
2 LIGHT AS PARTICLES 23
The Seed of Quantum Physics: Planck's Formula 27
The Photoelectric Effect 28
Can we Detect Individual Photons? 36
Low-Cost PMT Power Supplies 38
Listening to Individual Photons 41
Where does this Leave Us? 45
Experiments and Questions 45
3 ATOMS AND RADIOACTIVITY 49
The Need for Vacuum 49
The Mechanical Vacuum Pump 51
The Vacuum Gauge 53
A Very-High-Voltage Power Supply 56
A Vacuum Tube Legow Set 56
Phosphor Screens 59
The Electron Gun 60
The Discovery of the Electron 61
Cathode-Ray Tubes 63
Thomson's First 1897 ExperimentNegative Charge and Rays are Joined Together 65
Thomson's Second ExperimentElectrostatic Deflection of Cathode Rays 67
Thomson and the Modern CRT 69
Thomson's Third ExperimentMass-to-Charge Ratio of the Electron 72
Measuring e/m with our CRT 74
A Magical Measurement of e/m 77
Thomson's Plum Pudding Model of the Atom 79
GeigerMu¨ller Counter 80
a, b, and g 89
The Nature of Beta Radiation 92
The Ionizing Power of Alpha 92
What are Alpha Particles? 95
Rutherford's Alpha-Scattering Experiment 96
Rutherford's Planetary Model of the Atom 102
Experiments and Questions 103
4 THE PRINCIPLE OF QUANTUM PHYSICS 107
Emission Spectroscopy 107
Bohr's Spark of Genius 113
Orbitals and Not Orbits 115
QuantizationThe Core of Quantum Physics 117
Experiments and Questions 118
5 WAVEPARTICLE DUALITY 121
Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis 122
What is the Nature of Light? 126
Two-Slit Interference with Single Photons 128
Imaging Single Photons 133
The Answer: Complementarity 135
Matter Waves 137
Matter Waves and the Bohr Atom 137
Experimental Confirmation of De Broglie's Matter Waves 138
Two-Slit Interference with Single Electrons 142
A Simple TEM 144
Blurring the Line Between Quantum and Classical 148
ParticleWave Duality in the Macroscopic World 148
Experiments and Questions 149
6 THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE 151
Wavefunctions 151
The Uncertainty Principle 153
Experimental Demonstration of the Uncertainty Principle 155
TimeEnergy Uncertainty 159
Fourier Analysis 159
Bye, Bye Clockwork Universe 163
Experiments and Questions 165
7 SCHRO¨ DINGER (AND HIS ZOMBIE CAT) 167
Real-World Particle in a Box 171
Quantum Tunneling 174
Quantum Tunneling Time 178
Many-Worlds Interpretation 183
Schro¨dinger's Cat in the Lab 184
Beam Splitters 186
Who Rolls the Dice? 190
The MachZehnder Interferometer 192
Which-Way Experiments 197
The Quantum Eraser 199
Experiments and Questions 200
8 ENTANGLEMENT 203 Be...