Compact Heat Exchangers

A comprehensive source of generalized design data for most widely used fin surfaces in CHEs

Compact Heat Exchanger Analysis, Design and Optimization: FEM and CFD Approach brings new concepts of design data generation numerically (which is more cost effective than generic design data) and can be used by design and practicing engineers more effectively. The numerical methods/techniques are introduced for estimation of performance deteriorations like flow non-uniformity, temperature non-uniformity, and longitudinal heat conduction effects using FEM in CHE unit level and Colburn j factors and Fanning friction f factors data generation method for various types of CHE fins using CFD. In addition, worked examples for single and two-phase flow CHEs are provided and the complete qualification tests are given for CHEs use in aerospace applications.

Chapters cover: Basic Heat Transfer; Compact Heat Exchangers; Fundamentals of Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods; Finite Element Analysis of Compact Heat Exchangers; Generation of Design Data by CFD Analysis; Thermal and Mechanical Design of Compact Heat Exchanger; and Manufacturing and Qualification Testing of Compact Heat Exchanger.

• Provides complete information about basic design of Compact Heat Exchangers

• Design and data generation is based on numerical techniques such as FEM and CFD methods rather than experimental or analytical ones

• Intricate design aspects included, covering complete cycle of design, manufacturing, and qualification of a Compact Heat Exchanger

• Appendices on basic essential fluid properties, metal characteristics, and derivation of Fourier series mathematical equation

Compact Heat Exchanger Analysis, Design and Optimization: FEM and CFD Approach is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying equipment design and heat exchanger design.

Auteur

C. Ranganayakulu, PhD, is an Outstanding Scientist and Group Director (GS-ECS) in the Aeronautical Development Agency, Ministry of Defence, India. Dr. Ranganayakulu is an Alexander von Humboldt re-visiting researcher at Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, and Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany, and Visiting Researcher at UNISA, Johannesburg, South Africa. K.N. Seetharamu, PhD, is a professor of Thermal Engineering at PES Institute of Technology, Bangalore, and is a member of the editorial board of a number of journals including the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. He was a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at IIT Madras from 1980 to 1998.

Contenu
Preface xiii

Series Preface xv

1 Basic Heat Transfer 1

1.1 Importance of Heat Transfer 1

1.2 Heat Transfer Modes 2

1.3 Laws of Heat Transfer 3

1.4 Steady-State Heat Conduction 4

1.4.1 One-Dimensional Heat Conduction 5

1.4.2 Three-Dimensional Heat Conduction Equation 7

1.4.3 Boundary and Initial Conditions 10

1.5 Transient Heat Conduction Analysis 11

1.5.1 Lumped Heat Capacity System 11

1.6 Heat Convection 13

1.6.1 Flat Plate in Parallel Flow 14

1.6.1.1 Laminar Flow Over an Isothermal Plate 14

1.6.1.2 Turbulent Flow over an Isothermal Plate 16

1.6.1.3 Boundary Layer Development Over Heated Plate 17

1.6.2 Internal Flow 18

1.6.2.1 Hydrodynamic Considerations 19

1.6.2.2 Flow Conditions 19

1.6.2.3 Mean Velocity 20

1.6.2.4 Velocity Profile in the Fully Developed Region 21

1.6.3 Forced Convection Relationships 23

1.7 Radiation 28

1.7.1 Radiation Fundamental Concepts 30

1.8 Boiling Heat Transfer 35

1.8.1 Flow Boiling 36

1.9 Condensation 38

1.9.1 Film Condensation 39

1.9.2 Drop-wise Condensation 39

Nomenclature 40

Greek Symbols 42

Subscripts 42

References 43

2 Compact Heat Exchangers 45

2.1 Introduction 45

2.2 Motivation for Heat Transfer Enhancement 46

2.3 Comparison of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 48

2.4 Classification of Heat Exchangers 49

2.5 Heat Transfer Surfaces 51

2.5.1 Rectangular Plain Fin 52

2.5.2 Louvred-Fin 52

2.5.3 Strip-Fin or Lance and Offset Fin 53

2.5.4 Wavy-Fin 53

2.5.5 Pin-Fin 53

2.5.6 Rectangular Perforated Fin 54

2.5.7 Triangular Plain Fin 54

2.5.8 Triangular Perforated Fin 54

2.5.9 Vortex Generator 55

2.6 Heat Exchanger Analysis 56

2.6.1 Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference 58

2.6.1.1 Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger 59

2.6.1.2 Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger 62

2.6.2 Effectiveness-NTU Method 65

2.6.3 Effectiveness-NTU Relations 69

2.6.4 Evaluation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Data 73

2.6.4.1 Flow Properties and Dimensionless Numbers 73

2.6.4.2 Data Curves for j andf 75

2.7 Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger 77

2.7.1 Description 77

2.7.2 Geometric Characteristics 78

2.7.3 Correlations for Offset Strip Fin (OSF) Geometry 81

2.8 Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger 81

2.8.1 Geometrical Characteristics 82

2.8.2 Correlations for Circular-Finned-Tube Geometry 84

2.8.3 Pressure Drop 85

2.8.4 Correlations for Louvred Plate-Fin Flat-Tube Geometry 86

2.8.5 Louvre-Fin-Type Flat-Tube Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers 90

2.8.5.1 Geometric Characteristics 91

2.8.5.2 Correlations for Louvre Fin Geometry 93

2.9 Plate-Fin Exchangers Operating Limits 93

2.10 Plate-Fin Exchangers Monitoring and Maintenance 94

2.10.1 Advantage 95

2.10.2 Disadvantages 95

Nomenclature 95

Greek Symbols 97

Subscripts 98

References 98

3 Fundamentals of Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods 101

3.1 Introduction 101

3.2 Finite Element Method 101

3.2.1 Finite Element Form of the Conduction Equation 103

3.2.2 Elements and Shape Functions 104

3.2.3 Two-Dimensional Linear Triangular Elements 109

3.2.3.1 Area Coordinates 112

3.2.4 Formulation for the Heat Conduction Equation 114

3.2.4.1 Variational Approach 115

3.2.4.2 Galerkin Method 118

3.2.5 Requirements for Interpolation Functions 119

3.2.6 Plane Wall with a Heat Source Solution by Quadratic Element 128

3.2.7 Two-Dimensional Plane Problems 130 &l...