Beyond One Health

Tackling One Health from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book offers in-depth insight into how our health and the health of every living creature and our ecosystem are all inextricably connected.

• Presents critical population health topics, written by an international group of experts

• Addresses the technical aspects of the subject

• Offers potential policy solutions to help mitigate current threats and prevent additional threats from occurring

Auteur

The Editors
John A. Herrmann, DVM, MPH, DACT, is Director of the DVM-MPH Program and the Center for One Health Illinois at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Urbana, Illinois, USA and Affiliate Professor at the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Yvette J. Johnson-Walker, DVM, MS, PhD, is Lecturer of Epidemiology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Contenu
List of Contributors xiii

Foreword by Chadia Wannous and David Nabarro xvii

Foreword by Lonnie King xix

Preface xxi

Section 1 The Science of One Health 1

**1 Epidemiology: Science as a Tool to Inform One Health Policy 3
**Yvette J. Johnson?]Walker and John B. Kaneene

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Enhancing Our Understanding of Health and Disease 5

1.2.1 Causes of Disease 5

1.2.1.1 Deterministic Models of Disease 6

1.2.1.2 Hill's Causal Criteria 7

1.2.1.3 Multifactorial Models of Disease Causation 8

1.2.1.4 Breaking the Chain of Transmission 8

1.2.2 Assessing the Impact of Disease 10

1.2.3 Natural Course of Disease 13

1.2.3.1 Reservoirs of Disease 13

1.2.3.2 Humans as a Reservoir 14

1.2.3.3 Domestic Animal Reservoirs 14

1.2.3.4 Wildlife Reservoirs 17

1.2.3.5 Environmental Reservoirs 17

1.3 From Understanding Epidemiology to Public Policy 19

1.3.1 Assessments of Diagnostic Test Reliability 20

1.3.2 Determination of Safety and Effectiveness of New Treatments and Vaccines 20

1.3.3 Assessment of Health at the Level of the Individual, Community, or Ecosystem and Establish Standards of Care for Prevention and Treatment Protocols/Programs 21

1.3.4 Establishing Disease Response Regulations and Control Standards 22

1.4 Examples of the Benefits of Using a One Health Approach 23

1.4.1 Overall Summary of Practical Experiences Applying a One Health Approach 25

References 28

**2 Health Impacts in a Changing Climate 31
**Donald J. Wuebbles

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 Our Changing Climate 32

2.2.1 Climate Change Effects on Temperature 33

2.2.2 Climate Change Effects on Precipitation 34

2.2.3 Climate Change Effects on Severe Weather 37

2.3 The Basis for a Human Cause for Climate Change 41

2.4 Twenty?]first Century Projections of Climate Change 43

2.5 Climate and Health 49

2.5.1 Temperature?]Related Death and Illness 49

2.5.2 Air Quality Impacts 50

2.5.3 Vector?]Borne Diseases 50

2.5.4 Water?]Related Illnesses 52

2.5.5 Food Safety, Nutrition, and Distribution 52

2.5.6 Extreme Weather?]Related Impacts 54

2.5.7 Mental Health and Well?]being 54

2.5.8 ClimateHealth Risk Factors and Populations of Concern 55

2.6 Summary and a Look Forward 55

References 56

**3 Food Safety and Security 61
**Megin Nichols, Lauren Stevenson, Casey Barton Behravesh, and Robert V. Tauxe

3.1 Evolution of Food Production 61

3.2 Foodborne Illness 63

3.3 A One Health Approach to Foodborne Illness Detection and Response 68

3.4 Antibiotic Resistance and Food Safety 75

3.5 Zoonotic Disease and Foodborne Pathogens 78

3.6 Outbreak Response Communication 80

References 83

**4 Water Security in a Changing World 89
**Jeffrey M. Levengood, Ari Hörman, Marja?]Liisa Hänninen, and Kevin O'Brien

4.1 Introduction 89

4.2 Waterborne Pathogens and Contaminants : Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Management of Water Safety 90

4.2.1 Waterborne Pathogens 90

4.2.2 Antibiotic?]Resistant Bacteria in Source and Drinking Water 91

4.2.3 Chemical Hazards in the Drinking Water 93

4.2.4 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater and Raw Water Sources 93

4.2.5 Water Treatment Methods 93

4.2.5.1 Thermal Treatment 94

4.2.5.2 Chemical Disinfection 94

4.2.5.3 Filtration 95

4.2.5.4 Other Treatment Methods 96

4.2.6 Surveillance for Waterborne Diseases 96

4.2.7 Requirements for Drinking Water Quality 96

4.2.8 Water Safety Plans (WSPs) 97

4.3 The Water/Energy/Food Nexus: Mitigating Global Risks 99

4.3.1 Water/Energy Nexus 99

4.3.1.1 Nuclear 102 4.3.1.2 Coal ...